filetype = GlazeChem Materials version = 2 dbname = Materials I = | This database contains a list of feldspars, clays, fluxes, frits, I = |opacifiers, colorants, organic ashes, and miscellany. I = | Please keep in mind that the best thing to do is to make your own I = |custom material list. You can draw on this list and the other lists I = |included with GlazeChem, then add any other materials you have in your I = |studio and/or glaze recipes. You should go through the list and mark I = |as "Available" any materials that you have in your studio or could I = |obtain for use in glazes. And, you should set material costs according I = |to your local prices. I = | I = | Analyses and information are from the following sources: I = | Michael Cardew, "Pioneer Pottery" (1969) I = | James Chappell, "The Potter's Complete Book of Clay and Glazes" I = | revised edition (1991) I = | John W. Conrad, "Advanced Ceramic Manual" (1987) I = | Emmanuel Cooper and Derek Royle, "Glazes for the Potter" (1978) I = | Yvonne Hutchinson Cuff, "Ceramic Technology for Potters and I = | Sculptors" (1996) I = | Val Cushing, "Cushing's Handbook" 3rd ed. (1994) I = | Joseph Grebanier, "Chinese Stoneware Glazes" (1975) I = | David Green, "A Handbook of Pottery Glazes" (1979) I = | Frank and Janet Hamer, "The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and I = | Techniques" 4th edition (1997) I = | Robin Hopper, "The Ceramic Spectrum" (1984) I = | I.M.C., "Magic of Fire Reference" (1998) I = | Cornelis Klein and Cornelius Hurlbut, "Manual of Mineralogy" I = | 20th ed. (1985) I = | Harry Memmott, "An Artist's Guide to the Use of Ceramic Oxides" I = | (1986) I = | Mimi Obstler, "Out of the Earth, Into the Fire" (1996) I = | Cullen W. Parmelee and Cameron G. Harman, "Ceramic Glazes" I = | 3rd edition (1973) I = | Daniel Rhodes, "Clay and Glazes for the Potter" Revised ed. (1974) I = | Phil Rogers, "Ash Glazes" (1991) I = | Herbert H. Sanders. "The World of Japanese Ceramics" (?) I = | Charlotte F. Speight, "Hands in Clay" (1983) I = | Robert Tichane, "Ash Glazes" (1987) I = | Robert Tichane, "Those Celadon Blues" (1978) I = | Robert Tichane, "Clay Bodies" (1990) I = | I = | Scattered through the list a few "generic" materials as you might see I = |listed in a glaze recipe (for example, "feldspar", "ball clay", "iron I = |oxide", etc.). Use GlazeChem's material mapping feature to map them to I = |a specific material, or use a theoretical formula if desired. You can I = |create more of these "mapped" materials as needed. I = | I = | Hazard information comes partly from the above sources, and also I = |from Monona Rossol's "Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide" I = |(1994), a book every artist should own. I = | I = | This database contains both lead-bearing frits and raw lead compounds. I = |These are provided for purposes of education and analysis. * The author I = |of GlazeChem recommends that for your own safety and for the safety I = |of those who may own and use your pottery, that you do not use lead I = |in glazes. * I = | I = | This database contains American frits from Ferro and Pemco, as well I = |as frits manufactured in the United Kingdom from Ferro (Great Britain) I = |Ltd., Harrison Mayer Ltd., Fulham Pottery Ltd., Wengers Ltd., and I = |Podmore and Sons Ltd. U.K. frit analyses are from Green and from I = |Cooper and Royle. Preference has been given to the Cooper and Royle I = |analyses, since they say that their tables "are reproduced in the form I = |supplied by the manufacturers." In cases where it looked like C&R had I = |an error, the Green analysis was used instead. I = | I = | This database contains analyses of several plant ashes. Plant ashes I = |have notoriously variable compositions, as you may see by comparing I = |some of the analyses included here. Some factors that cause this I = |variation include: I = | - different soils lead to different nutrient uptake I = | - different parts of the plant concentrate different chemical compounds I = | - plants do different things at different times of the year I = | - older and younger plants have different compositions I = | - the degree of washing of the ash leads to different flux amounts I = | This topic is discussed at greater length in "Ash Glazes" (Tichane) I = |and "Ash Glazes" (Rogers). I = | I = | More ash analyses can be obtained from Robert Tichane, "Ash Glazes" I = |(1987). Tichane in turn refers to two sources: Thorpe's "Dictionary of I = |Applied Chemistry" (1937?) contains analyses of ash from many I = |vegetable materials. The second and most complete source (also used by I = |Thorpe) is Emil Wolff's "Aschen Analysen" (1880), in German. This is I = |reportedly the most comprehensive compilation of ash analyses in I = |existence. I = | I = | A table of Australian wood ash analyses can be found on pg. 199 of Ian I = |Currie's "Stoneware Glazes" 2nd ed. (1985). The table contains about I = |30 analyses. I = | I = | There are many other sources for material information: I = | * Australian materials - check the back of Memmott, also check I = | Ian Currie's "Stoneware Glazes" 2nd ed. (1985) I = | * Almost anything - I.M.C.'s "Magic of Fire Reference" - see web site I = | http://digitalfire.com - I highly recommend it I = | * Kentucky-Tennessee clays: see the KT clay company web site at I = | http://www.k-tclay.com/ (they used to have material analyses, but I = | do not at this time) I = | * Custer feldspar: see the Pacer Corporation web site at I = | http://www.ceramics.com/pacer/ I = | * Feldspars, kaolins, talcs, etc. - see the Feldspar corp. web site I = | http://www.zemexcorp.com/feldspar/ I = | * Clays - Old Hickory Clay Co. I = | http://www.oldhickoryclay.com/ I = | * Ceramics and Industrial Minerals home page: I = | http://www.ceramics.com/ I = | I = | Conrad's "Advanced Ceramic Manual" (1987) has numerous analyses, but I = |there are many typos in the material analysis charts. I originally I = |started using this book when constructing parts of this list, so I = |Conrad's analyses sometimes appear with the others in this database. I = | I = | Material costs included in this list were obtained from various I = |supplier catalogs in 2000 and early 2001. In general, the prices were I = |for 50 lb. quantities for clays, feldspars, and other materials that I = |cost less than $1 per lb. at 50-lb quantities, and 5 to 10 lb. quantities I = |for most other materials. I = |Imported 1 materials from C:\Documents and Settings\arbuck\Desktop\3226.tmt cursym = $ costunit = 0 costrod = 2 costlod = 3 densunit = 0 name = #6 Tile clay date = 05/25/98 code = #6 type = clay mapto = Tile 6 clay formula = 0.028 Na2O 0.634 MgO 0.338 CaO 16.502 Al2O3 34.381 SiO2 0.783 TiO2 0.097 Fe2O3 33.984 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |#6 Tile clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |#6 Tile clay - dust hazard note = | A secondary (sedimentary) kaolin. note = | Manufactured by Georgia Kaolin Co.; comes from Georgia. note = | Plastic, off-white, fine-grained, high shrinkage. Good flashing note = |slip in salt/soda. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Cushing 1986) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 46.9 SiO2 note = | 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.9 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 note = | 46.9 SiO2 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.9 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.6 MgO 0.4 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 note = | 46.9 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 13.9 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.20 Al2O3 46.90 SiO2 note = | 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.90 LOI name = A.P. Green date = 05/25/98 code = apg aka = A. P. Green akacode = aka = A.P. Green fireclay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.0 K2O 0.35 MgO 0.35 CaO 31.0 Al2O3 52.0 SiO2 1.9 TiO2 2.0 Fe2O3 11.0 LOI density = 324.0 available = y costperlb = 0.26 annote = |A.P. Green supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |A.P. Green - dust hazard note = | A Missouri fire clay - a secondary deposit of clay and sediment note = |in deep fresh water. note = | Manufactured by A.P. Green; comes from Missouri. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.5-1.5 K2O 0.1-0.6 MgO 0.1-0.6 CaO 29-33 Al2O3 note = | 50-54 SiO2 1.5-2.3 TiO2 1.5-2.5 Fe2O3 10.1-12.0 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.20 K2O 0.05 Na2O 0.05 CaO 0.03 MgO 30.0 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.05 Na2O 0.20 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.05 CaO 30.0 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 31.9 Al2O3 note = | 51.0 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.7 Fe2O3 12.4 LOI note = | IMC: (lists as Missouri fireclay) note = | % 0.05 Na2O 0.20 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.05 CaO 30.0 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI name = Ajax Glomax kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.30 Na2O 0.41 K2O 44.40 Al2O3 53.16 SiO2 0.94 TiO2 0.42 Fe2O3 0.38 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Ajax kaolin (calcined) supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Ajax kaolin (calcined) - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): (Ajax kaolin - calcined) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.1 CaO 44.4 Al2O3 note = | 53.8 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.41 K2O 44.40 Al2O3 note = | 53.16 SiO2 0.94 TiO2 0.42 Fe2O3 0.38 LOI name = Ajax P kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.04 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.25 CaO 38.14 Al2O3 45.41 SiO2 1.97 TiO2 0.48 Fe2O3 13.45 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Ajax P kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Ajax P kaolin - dust hazard note = | Mined in Idaho; blushes in wood or reduction firing. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 38.1 Al2O3 note = | 45.2 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.04 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.25 CaO 38.14 Al2O3 note = | 45.41 SiO2 1.97 TiO2 0.48 Fe2O3 13.45 LOI name = Alajo kiln ash date = 05/25/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.44 Na2O 1.03 K2O 5.34 MgO 41.38 CaO 1.55 Al2O3 8.54 SiO2 3.68 P2O5 1.27 Fe2O3 7.3 H2O 29.07 CO2 0.26 SO3 0.25 Cl2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Alajo kiln ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 0.44 Na2O 1.03 K2O 5.34 MgO 41.38 CaO 1.55 Al2O3 note = | 8.54 SiO2 3.68 P2O5 1.27 Fe2O3 7.3 H2O 29.07 CO2 note = | 0.26 SO3 0.25 Cl2 note = | (Ash from wood-fired kilns, Alajo, Ghana. Washed and dried. note = | The wood was a mixture of Neem and yellow-flowering Cassia note = | (Analysis, Imperial Institute, London, 1946).) name = Albany slip date = 06/05/98 code = alb type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.80 Na2O 3.20 K2O 2.71 MgO 5.81 CaO 14.63 Al2O3 57.82 SiO2 0.40 TiO2 5.21 Fe2O3 9.41 LOI density = 223.4 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Albany slip supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, K2O, MgO, annote = | and Na2O. haznote = |Albany slip - dust hazard note = | An iron-rich clay consisting of shale, slate, limestone, note = |sandstone, and dolomite deposits from glacial Lake Albany during note = |the Wisconsin Ice Age (10-15 thousand years ago). Contains note = |illite, quartz, limonite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite, and note = |kaolinite. note = | Comes from the Hudson River Valley area around Albany, NY; no note = |longer available. Substitute Archie Bray (Alberta) Slip [Cushing]. note = | Not plastic; melts at 1170C. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.8-1 Na2O 3.25 K2O 2.68 MgO 5.78 CaO 14.66 Al2O3 note = | 57.4 SiO2 0.8-1 TiO2 5.2 Fe2O3 9.46 LOI plus note = | 0.13 of Ba+Sr+Pb+Li+Mn note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.40 Na2O 2.75 K2O 6.28 CaO 3.35 MgO 11.54 Al2O3 note = | 59.48 SiO2 0.90 TiO2 4.13 Fe2O3 0.08 MnO 10.40 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.8 Na2O 3.2 K2O 2.5 MgO 5.8 CaO 14.6 Al2O3 note = | 57.6 SiO2 0.4 TiO2 5.2 Fe2O3 0.08 MnO 9.5 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.8 Na2O 3.25 K2O 2.2 MgO 6.0 CaO 14.0 Al2O3 note = | 58.0 SiO2 0.8 TiO2 5.2 Fe2O3 9.46 LOI note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 2.8 K2O 3.4 MgO 6.3 CaO 11.5 Al2O3 note = | 59.5 SiO2 0.9 TiO2 4.1 Fe2O3 0.1 MnO 10.4 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB, CB): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 2.8 K2O 3.4 MgO 6.3 CaO 11.5 Al2O3 note = | 59.5 SiO2 0.9 TiO2 4.1 Fe2O3 10.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.80 Na2O 3.20 K2O 2.71 MgO 5.81 CaO 14.63 Al2O3 note = | 57.82 SiO2 0.40 TiO2 5.21 Fe2O3 9.41 LOI name = Alberta slip date = 05/26/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 2.00 Na2O 3.35 K2O 3.32 MgO 6.30 CaO 0.19 BaO 14.56 Al2O3 64.83 SiO2 0.46 TiO2 5.01 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.00 annote = |Alberta slip supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, K2O, MgO, annote = | and Na2O. annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Alberta slip - dust hazard note = | A slip designed by the Archie Bray Foundation to substitute for note = |Albany slip. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 2.00 Na2O 3.35 K2O 3.32 MgO 6.30 CaO 0.19 BaO 14.56 Al2O3 note = | 64.83 SiO2 0.46 TiO2 5.01 Fe2O3 name = Alkaline Frit date = 03/06/2001 code = type = frit mapto = Frit 3110 formula = 0.64 Na2O 0.096 K2O 0.264 CaO 0.155 Al2O3 0.109 B2O3 2.921 SiO2 density = 196.8 available = y costperlb = 1.75 annote = |High Alkaline Frit supplies SiO2, Na2O, CaO, K2O, Al2O3, and B2O3. note = |Generic high alkaline frit; map to your favorite. name = Alkaline leadless frit date = 05/21/98 code = alkfrit type = frit mapto = Frit 36.2.193 formula = % 12.3 Na2O 2.0 K2O 6.4 CaO 10.9 ZnO 4.0 Al2O3 8.0 B2O3 56.1 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = | Map to your favorite alkaline frit. note = | American substitute: Frit 3110. name = Alumina date = 05/30/98 code = alum aka = Calcined alumina akacode = aka = Alumina - calcined akacode = type = alumina mapto = formula = Al2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.50 annote = |Alumina supplies Al2O3. note = | Pure form of alumina, created by heating alumina hydrate to red note = |heat in order to drive off the water. note = | Alumina occurs naturally as the mineral Corundum; in hardness, note = |Corundum is second only to diamond. Alumina also occurs in note = |various ores such as Bauxite (Al2O3 2H2O), Gibbsite (Al2O3 note = |3H2O), and Diaspore (Al2O3 H2O); these are crushed, calcined, note = |and purified to give aluminum oxide. note = | Alumina can be used in glazes to provide extra alumina. Note that note = |the coarseness/fineness of the alumina can make a big difference note = |in how it influences the glaze (finer grades usually lead to less note = |matt surfaces). Note that alumina hydrate is more easily suspended note = |in glazes and has better adhesive properties. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Al203 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.002) note = | % 99.1 Al2O3 0.03 SiO2 0.03 Fe2O3 0.05 CaO 0.57 Na2O note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Al2O3 note = | IMC: note = | Al2O3 name = Alumina hydrate date = 06/04/98 code = alhy aka = Aluminum hydroxide akacode = type = alumina mapto = formula = Al2O3 3 H2O density = 260.8 available = y costperlb = 1.45 annote = |Alumina hydrate supplies Al2O3. note = | Alumina hydrate is hydrated aluminum oxide. note = | Alumina hydrate is sometimes used in glazes to provide extra note = |alumina; more often, because of its refractory nature, it is note = |used in kiln wash or salt-fire wadding. Alumina hydrate is more note = |easily suspended in glazes than calcined alumina, and has better note = |adhesive properties. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Al2(OH)6 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Alumina hydrate = Al(OH)3 note = | Alumina hydroxide = Al2(OH)6 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.001) note = | % 65.O Al2O3 0.25 SiO2 0.01 Fe2O3 0.35 Na2O 34.4 LOI note = | Cuff: note = | Al2(OH)6 note = | Chappell: note = | Al(OH)3 note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 3 H2O note = | Memmott: note = | Al2(OH)6 note = | Parmelee: note = | Al2(OH)6 note = | IMC: note = | % 65.39 Al2O3 34.62 LOI name = Aluminum sulfate date = 05/30/98 code = type = alumina mapto = formula = Al2O3 3 SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Alumina sulfate supplies Al2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Al2(SO4)3 name = Amblygonite date = 05/24/98 code = ambl type = flux mapto = formula = 2 LiF Al2O3 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Amblygonite supplies Li2O, Al2O3, and P2O5. haznote = |Amblygonite - releases fluorine gas during firing note = | A lithium mineral. Theoretical composition 2LiF Al2O3 P2O5 (10% note = |Li2O). There may be substitution of Na for Li and of OH for F. note = |Can form a glaze by itself at c/6-8 [Hopper]. The fluorine and note = |phosphorus components make for interesting glazes that tend to note = |be naturally opaque. Requires oxidation to prevent blisters note = |[Hamer, IMC]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | 2LiF Al2O3 P2O5 nH2O note = | Klein & Hurlbut: note = | LiAlFPO4 note = | Chappell: (adds to 92.3; presumably remainder is LOI) note = | % 7.8 Li2O 34.2 Al2O3 2.8 SiO2 47.5 P2O5 note = | Cushing: (P2O6 is an error) note = | 2LiF Al2O3 P2O6 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 1.63 Na2O 0.30 K2O 8.48 Li2O 0.15 CaO 22.96 Al2O3 note = | 5.16 SiO2 0.019 Fe2O3 54.42 P2O5 2.67 F 4.80 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 10.10 Li2O 24.50 Al2O3 48.00 P2O5 17.40 LOI name = Anhydrous borax date = 05/28/98 code = aka = Fused borax akacode = aka = Dehydrated borax akacode = aka = Calcined borax akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O 2 B2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Anhydrous borax supplies B2O3 and Na2O. haznote = |Anhydrous borax - toxic note = | Dehydrated form of borax; relatively concentrated source of note = |B2O3. Produced by heating borax to 735C. Water soluble, but less note = |so than raw borax at room temperature. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.009) note = | % 30.8 Na2O 69.2 B2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 note = | Parmelee: (Melted borax) note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 30.82 Na2O 69.19 B2O3 name = Antimony oxide date = 06/04/98 code = sbox type = colorant mapto = formula = Sb2O3 density = 257.4 available = n costperlb = 2.50 annote = |Antimony oxide supplies Sb2O3. haznote = |Antimony oxide - toxic note = | Antimony oxide is used in low temperature glazes with lead, note = |iron, or titanium to produce yellow. Also functions as a note = |glass-former and as an opacifier. note = | Produced by heating the mineral Stibnite (Sb2S3), or as note = |a by-product of other refining processes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Sb3O4 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Antimony trioxide) note = | Sb2O3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Sb2O3 note = | Chappell: note = | Sb2O3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Sb2O3 note = | IMC: note = | Sb2O3 name = Apple wood ash date = 04/02/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 1.9 Na2O 11.8 K2O 5.5 MgO 70.9 CaO 2.7 SiO2 4.5 P2O5 2.7 SO3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Apple wood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 1.9 Na2O 11.8 K2O 5.5 MgO 70.9 CaO 2.7 SiO2 note = | 4.5 P2O5 2.7 SO3 note = | (B.C.S., 58 (1959), 59P). note = | Recalculated on 'washed' basis: note = | % 6.37 MgO 82.16 CaO 3.13 SiO2 5.21 P2O5 3.13 SO3 note = | Conrad: (adds to 105%) note = | % 4.9 Na2O 0.89 K2O 3.25 MgO 54.2 CaO 1.98 Al2O3 2.65 SiO2 note = | 1.6 P2O5 0.7 Fe2O3 34.7 MnO note = | Rogers: note = | % 10.45 Na2O 19.24 K2O 7.46 MgO 63.6 CaO note = | 1.31 SiO2 4.9 P2O5 1.66 Fe2O3 note = | 0.93 SO3 0.45 Cl note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 6 Na2O 15 K2O 6 MgO 65 CaO note = | 2 SiO2 5 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 name = Arsenic oxide date = 05/30/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = As2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Arsenic oxide supplies As2O3. haznote = |Arsenic oxide - toxic note = | Poisonous white powder created by roasting Arsenopyrite (FeAsS). note = |Used in glasses and enamels but not usually in ceramic glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | As2O3 note = | IMC: note = | As2O3 name = ash Bamboo date = 04/02/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 4.8 K2O 0.3 CaO 86.4 SiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 8.1 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bamboo ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 4.8 K2O 0.3 CaO 86.4 SiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 8.1 LOI note = | ('Bamboo sugar', Java) note = | (Bourry, 1st English edition, 1901) name = ash Barley straw date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 5 Na2O 22 K2O 3 MgO 8 CaO 57 SiO2 5 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Barley straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 5 Na2O 22 K2O 3 MgO 8 CaO note = | 57 SiO2 5 P2O5 name = ash Beech date = 06/04/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 8.34 Na2O 24.29 K2O 8.20 MgO 42.00 CaO 3.01 SiO2 6.2 P2O5 0.62 Fe2O3 4.52 MnO 2.10 SO3 0.72 Cl density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Beech ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Rogers: note = | % 8.34 Na2O 24.29 K2O 8.20 MgO 42.00 CaO note = | 3.01 SiO2 6.2 P2O5 0.62 Fe2O3 4.52 MnO note = | 2.10 SO3 0.72 Cl note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 4.0 Na2O 16.5 K2O 10.9 MgO 55.5 CaO note = | 5.45 SiO2 5.45 P2O5 1.0 Fe2O3 name = ash Birch date = 04/02/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 9 Na2O 22.6 K2O 14.3 MgO 29.6 CaO 11.5 SiO2 7.9 P2O5 1.3 Fe2O3 0.4 MnO 3.4 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Birch ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 9 Na2O 22.6 K2O 14.3 MgO 29.6 CaO 11.5 SiO2 7.9 P2O5 note = | 1.3 Fe2O3 0.4 MnO note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 7.69 Na2O 12.53 K2O 7.69 MgO 57.5 CaO note = | 3.84 SiO2 7.69 P2O5 1.0 Fe2O3 note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 9 Na2O 18 K2O 11 MgO 45 CaO 4 Al2O3 note = | 8 SiO2 4 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 name = ash Cedar date = 04/02/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 3.7 Na2O 4.3 K2O 6 MgO 44.2 CaO 0.52 Al2O3 24.28 SiO2 10.6 P2O5 1.01 Fe2O3 0.3 MnO 5.09 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cedar ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 3.7 Na2O 4.3 K2O 6 MgO 44.2 CaO 0.52 Al2O3 note = | 24.28 SiO2 10.6 P2O5 1.01 Fe2O3 0.3 MnO name = ash Coal date = 05/31/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = 0.24 KNaO 0.20 MgO 0.55 CaO 1.04 Al2O3 3.33 SiO2 0.8 TiO2 0.36 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Coal ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2, Al2O3, annote = | TiO2, and Fe2O3. note = | Sulfur content of some coals may cause difficulties. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Green: (from Bennett and Hawley, "Methods of Silicate Analysis" 1965) note = | 0.24 KNaO 0.20 MgO 0.55 CaO 1.04 Al2O3 3.33 SiO2 note = | 0.8 TiO2 0.36 Fe2O3 name = ash Common date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 2.33 Na2O 3.91 K2O 3.3 MgO 22.42 CaO 8.91 Al2O3 30.99 SiO2 1.91 P2O5 3.04 Fe2O3 1.26 MnO 21.44 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Common ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Sanders: note = | % 2.33 Na2O 3.91 K2O 3.3 MgO 22.42 CaO 8.91 Al2O3 note = | 30.99 SiO2 1.91 P2O5 3.04 Fe2O3 1.26 MnO 21.44 LOI name = ash Desert plant date = 05/31/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 28.0 Na2O 5.5 K2O 0.5 MgO 21.1 CaO 1.8 P2O5 34.0 CO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Desert plant ash supplies several oxides, especially Na2O and CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (TCB): (adds to 91%) note = | % 28.0 Na2O 5.5 K2O 0.5 MgO 21.1 CaO 1.8 P2O5 34.0 CO2 name = ash Elder date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 2 Na2O 17 K2O 16 MgO 38 CaO 14 SiO2 13 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Elder ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 2 Na2O 17 K2O 16 MgO 38 CaO note = | 14 SiO2 13 P2O5 name = ash Fern date = 06/04/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.56 Na2O 4.81 K2O 7.44 MgO 8.59 CaO 19.32 Al2O3 55.02 SiO2 0.3 TiO2 0.92 P2O5 1.67 Fe2O3 1.36 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Fern ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and Al2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 0.56 Na2O 4.81 K2O 7.44 MgO 8.59 CaO 19.32 Al2O3 note = | 55.02 SiO2 0.3 TiO2 0.92 P2O5 1.67 Fe2O3 1.36 MnO note = | Hamer & Hamer: (Bracken and fern) note = | % 3 Na2O 26 K2O 8 MgO 12 CaO 10 Al2O3 note = | 33 SiO2 6 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 1 MnO name = ash Grass date = 05/31/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = 0.2 KNaO 0.3 MgO 0.5 CaO 0.2 Al2O3 2.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Grass ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and CaO. note = | Generic grass ash. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Green: (weed and grass ash) note = | 0.2 KNaO 0.3 MgO 0.5 CaO 0.2 Al2O3 2.0 SiO2 note = | Green: (unwashed lawn clippings, from Leach "A Potter's Book") note = | 0.41 KNaO 0.29 MgO 0.30 CaO 0.27 Al2O3 1.09 SiO2 note = | 0.12 P2O5 0.03 Fe2O3 note = | Green: (washed lawn clippings, from Leach "A Potter's Book") note = | 0.15 KNaO 0.32 MgO 0.53 CaO 0.38 Al2O3 1.52 SiO2 note = | 0.15 P2O5 0.05 Fe2O3 note = | Rogers: (Lawn grass) note = | % 6.20 Na2O 6.19 K2O 5.65 MgO 12.88 CaO 16.60 Al2O3 note = | 39.64 SiO2 9.00 P2O5 3.44 Fe2O3 note = | Hamer & Hamer: (Lawn grass) note = | % 3 Na2O 5 K2O 5 MgO 10 CaO 11 Al2O3 note = | 59 SiO2 5 P2O5 2 Fe2O3 name = ash Hardwood date = 03/23/98 code = HWA aka = Mixed hardwood ash akacode = type = flux mapto = ash Oak formula = % 9.12 Na2O 14 K2O 12 MgO 30 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 15.3 SiO2 13.1 P2O5 2.4 Fe2O3 0.1 MnO 3.88 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Hardwood ash supplies fluxes. haznote = |Hardwood ash - caustic note = | Map to a particular wood ash. name = ash Hearth date = 05/25/97 code = aka = Dobai akacode = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.55 Na2O 1.49 K2O 5.44 MgO 35.9 CaO 3.69 Al2O3 14.08 SiO2 2.14 P2O5 0.94 Fe2O3 34.32 H2O 0.14 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Hearth ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 0.55 Na2O 1.49 K2O 5.44 MgO 35.9 CaO 3.69 Al2O3 note = | 14.08 SiO2 2.14 P2O5 0.94 Fe2O3 34.32 H2O 0.14 MnO note = | (Hearth ash ('Dobai'), Japan (E. Kato, Interceram, 2 (1962), 110).) name = ash Heather date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 9 Na2O 12 K2O 10 MgO 21 CaO 41 SiO2 5 P2O5 2 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Heather ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 9 Na2O 12 K2O 10 MgO 21 CaO note = | 41 SiO2 5 P2O5 2 Fe2O3 name = ash Isu-wood date = 05/25/97 code = aka = Issu-wood ash akacode = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.06 Na2O 2.51 K2O 5.99 MgO 47.71 CaO 4.38 Al2O3 34.6 SiO2 3.93 P2O5 0.49 Fe2O3 0.33 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Isu-wood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and SiO2. note = | Issu (Distylium racemosum) is the source of a very popular wood note = |ash in Japan. Note the incredible variations in the analyses. note = | Analyses: note = | Sanders: note = | % 0.06 Na2O 2.51 K2O 5.99 MgO 47.71 CaO 4.38 Al2O3 note = | 34.6 SiO2 3.93 P2O5 0.49 Fe2O3 0.33 MnO note = | Cardew: note = | % 0.2 Na2O 1 K2O 6.6 MgO 36.68 CaO 4.16 Al2O3 note = | 16.19 SiO2 3.67 P2O5 0.92 Fe2O3 30.08 H2O note = | 0.8 SO3 0.48 MnO note = | (Isu Ash from Hagi, Japan (E. Kato, Interceram, 2 (1962), 110).) note = | Leach ("A Potter's Book"): note = | % 0.84 K2O 1.57 MgO 15.95 CaO 0.63 Al2O3 note = | 71.96 SiO2 0.42 P2O5 0.28 Fe2O3 8.29 LOI note = | (from work done by J.B.E. Patterson) name = ash Ivy date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 20 Na2O 26 K2O 8 MgO 25 CaO 12 SiO2 6 P2O5 3 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Ivy ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO, K2O, and Na2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 20 Na2O 26 K2O 8 MgO 25 CaO note = | 12 SiO2 6 P2O5 3 Fe2O3 name = ash Larch wood date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 9 Na2O 21 K2O 8 MgO 27 CaO 1 Al2O3 11 SiO2 8 P2O5 4 Fe2O3 11 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Larch wood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO, K2O, annote = | SiO2, and MnO. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 9 Na2O 21 K2O 8 MgO 27 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 11 SiO2 8 P2O5 4 Fe2O3 11 MnO name = ash Mahogany date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 10.98 Na2O 9.49 K2O 4.39 MgO 9.49 CaO 3.81 Al2O3 51.51 SiO2 2.08 P2O5 4.53 Fe2O3 3.72 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Mahogany ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 10.98 Na2O 9.49 K2O 4.39 MgO 9.49 CaO 3.81 Al2O3 note = | 51.51 SiO2 2.08 P2O5 4.53 Fe2O3 note = | (Australian white mahogany) note = | (Forestry Commission of New South Wales, 1956) name = ash Maple date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 6.04 Na2O 6.2 K2O 12.05 MgO 27.5 CaO 0.9 Al2O3 13.8 SiO2 8.1 P2O5 2.5 Fe2O3 0.5 MnO 22.41 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Maple ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 6.04 Na2O 6.2 K2O 12.05 MgO 27.5 CaO 0.9 Al2O3 note = | 13.8 SiO2 8.1 P2O5 2.5 Fe2O3 0.5 MnO name = ash Meadow hay date = 06/04/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 7.0 Na2O 25.67 K2O 5.0 MgO 11.56 CaO 29.57 SiO2 6.2 P2O5 1.0 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Meadow hay ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 7.0 Na2O 25.67 K2O 5.0 MgO 11.56 CaO note = | 29.57 SiO2 6.2 P2O5 1.0 Fe2O3 note = | Hamer & Hamer: (Meadow grass) note = | % 4 Na2O 15 K2O 5 MgO 10 CaO 3 Al2O3 note = | 58 SiO2 4 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 name = ash Mixed wood date = 03/23/98 code = type = flux mapto = Ash wood formula = 0.125 Na2O 0.266 K2O 0.187 MgO 0.422 CaO 0.016 Al2O3 0.375 SiO2 0.109 P2O5 0.062 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Mixed wood ash supplies fluxes. haznote = |Mixed wood ash - caustic note = | Map to a particular wood ash. name = ash Oak date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 9.12 Na2O 14 K2O 12 MgO 30 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 15.3 SiO2 13.1 P2O5 2.4 Fe2O3 0.1 MnO 3.88 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Oak ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 9.12 Na2O 14 K2O 12 MgO 30 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 note = | 15.3 SiO2 13.1 P2O5 2.4 Fe2O3 0.1 MnO note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 3.9 Na2O 9.5 K2O 3.9 MgO 72.5 CaO note = | 2.0 SiO2 5.8 P2O5 note = | Rogers: (English oak) note = | % 9.12 Na2O 14.00 K2O 12.01 MgO 30.02 CaO 0.13 Al2O3 note = | 15.30 SiO2 13.8 P2O5 2.40 Fe2O3 0.10 MnO 0.05 CuO note = | 2.61 SO3 1.18 Cl note = | Rogers (appendix): (China) note = | % 1.47 Na2O 5.77 K2O 4.09 MgO 23.54 CaO 15.11 Al2O3 note = | 39.81 SiO2 2.3 P2O5 3.58 Fe2O3 4.32 MnO note = | Rogers (appendix): (Japan) note = | % 1.52 Na2O 5.68 K2O 4.14 MgO 23.69 CaO 16.34 Al2O3 note = | 39.62 SiO2 2.62 P2O5 3.83 Fe2O3 1.01 MnO note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 6 Na2O 11 K2O 9 MgO 51 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 10 SiO2 10 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 1 MnO name = Ash straw date = 05/31/98 code = aka = straw ash akacode = type = ash mapto = formula = 0.4 KNaO 0.2 MgO 0.4 CaO 2.7 SiO2 0.1 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Generic straw ash. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Green: (straw ash from cereal crops) note = | 0.4 KNaO 0.2 MgO 0.4 CaO 2.7 SiO2 0.1 P2O5 name = ash Tallowwood date = 05/25/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 6.84 Na2O 2.41 K2O 25.58 MgO 52.15 CaO 1.09 Al2O3 8.96 SiO2 0.4 P2O5 1.93 SO3 0.38 Cl2 0.18 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Tallowwood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and MgO. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 6.84 Na2O 2.41 K2O 25.58 MgO 52.15 CaO 1.09 Al2O3 note = | 8.96 SiO2 0.4 P2O5 1.93 SO3 0.38 Cl2 0.18 MnO note = | (Eucalyptus microscorys III (Tallowwood) Forestry Commission note = | of New South Wales, 1956) name = ash Thatching grass date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.22 Na2O 2.55 K2O 3.67 MgO 6.14 CaO 5.42 Al2O3 76.96 SiO2 1.58 P2O5 0.22 TiO2 1.06 Fe2O3 0.15 SO3 0.67 MnO 1.4 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Thatching grass ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 0.22 Na2O 2.55 K2O 3.67 MgO 6.14 CaO 5.42 Al2O3 note = | 76.96 SiO2 1.58 P2O5 0.22 TiO2 1.06 Fe2O3 0.15 SO3 0.67 MnO 1.4 LOI note = | (Abuja, Nigeria. Wahsed and calcined at 900C) note = | (Overseas Geological Surveys, London, 1966) name = ash Turpentine date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 4.08 Na2O 1.2 K2O 1.03 MgO 1.88 CaO 1.26 Al2O3 89.74 SiO2 0.39 P2O5 0.42 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Turpentine ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 4.08 Na2O 1.2 K2O 1.03 MgO 1.88 CaO 1.26 Al2O3 note = | 89.74 SiO2 0.39 P2O5 note = | (Australian turpentine) note = | (Forestry Commission of New South Wales, 1956) name = ash Wheat straw date = 06/01/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 2.8 Na2O 11.5 K2O 2.5 MgO 6.1 CaO 66.2 SiO2 5.4 P2O5 2.8 SO3 3.8 S density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Wheat straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 2.8 Na2O 11.5 K2O 2.5 MgO 6.1 CaO note = | 66.2 SiO2 5.4 P2O5 2.8 SO3 3.8 S note = | (Air dried) note = | (B.C.S., (1959), 59P) note = | Green: note = | 0.67 K2O 0.14 MgO 0.19 CaO 0.71 Al2O3 4.95 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 2.8 Na2O 11.5 K2O 2.5 MgO 6.1 CaO note = | 66.0 SiO2 5.4 P2O5 2.8 LOI note = | Rogers: note = | % 1.4 Na2O 13.6 K2O 2.5 MgO 5.8 CaO note = | 67.5 SiO2 4.8 P2O5 0.6 Fe2O3 note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 2 Na2O 13 K2O 4 MgO 6 CaO note = | 70 SiO2 5 P2O5 name = ash Willow date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 2.50 Na2O 49.80 K2O 8.26 MgO 20.21 CaO 0.05 Al2O3 4.44 SiO2 10.00 P2O5 1.25 Fe2O3 0.18 MnO 1.22 SO3 0.08 Cl density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Willow ash supplies several oxides, especially K2O, CaO, and P2O5. note = | Analyses: note = | Rogers: note = | % 2.50 Na2O 49.80 K2O 8.26 MgO 20.21 CaO 0.05 Al2O3 note = | 4.44 SiO2 10.00 P2O5 1.25 Fe2O3 0.18 MnO note = | 1.22 SO3 0.08 Cl note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 3 Na2O 51 K2O 9 MgO 21 CaO note = | 5 SiO2 10 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 name = Ash wood date = 04/03/97 code = Ash type = ash mapto = formula = 0.125 Na2O 0.266 K2O 0.187 MgO 0.422 CaO 0.016 Al2O3 0.375 SiO2 0.109 P2O5 0.062 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Ash wood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 8 Na2O 17 K2O 12 MgO 27 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 24 SiO2 7 P2O5 4 Fe2O3 name = Avery kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = avery type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 37.5 Al2O3 46.7 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 13.8 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Avery kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Avery kaolin - dust hazard note = | Excellent flashing slip for salt/soda; no longer available. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 37.5 Al2O3 note = | 46.7 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 13.8 LOI name = Bainbridge spar date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Bainbridge feldspar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 9.23 Na2O 1.39 K2O 0.99 CaO 19.29 Al2O3 68.60 SiO2 0.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bainbridge spar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | Soda feldspar, similar to Kona F-4. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.51 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.20 CaO 1.04 Al2O3 5.59 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 9.23 Na2O 1.39 K2O 0.99 CaO 19.29 Al2O3 note = | 68.60 SiO2 0.50 LOI name = Ball clay date = 05/25/98 code = ball type = clay mapto = Kentucky OM #4 formula = % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI density = 152.2 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Ball clay supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Ball clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic ball clay; theoretical formula Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O. Map to note = |a particular kind of ball clay, or use a formula from below.] note = | Ball clays are fine, plastic clays of sedimentary origin, note = |formed by the deposition of clay minerals and volcanic ash. Ball note = |clay contains kaolinite, quartz, mica, titanium, iron, and small note = |amounts of feldspars, bentonite, and illite. Ball clay also note = |contains significant amounts of organic matter. note = | Tennessee and Kentucky ball clays are secondary deposits of note = |clay and volcanic ash materials from the middle Eocene note = |(40 million years ago). note = | The term "ball clay" came from the English practice of rolling note = |the clay into large, 50-pound balls for transport. note = | In glazes, ball clays provide alumina and silica, and various note = |impurities, including iron, and help to suspend the non-clay note = |particles. Used in clays because of their plasticity, high note = |firing temperature, and high green strength; on the down side, note = |they have a high rate of shrinkage. note = | Analyses: (for generic Ball Clay) note = | Green: (Ball Clay) note = | 0.02 Na2O 0.06 K2O 0.02 MgO 0.01 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 2.64 SiO2 0.03 TiO2 0.02 Fe2O3 1.96 H2O note = | Green: (Siliceous Ball Clay) note = | 0.03 Na2O 0.12 K2O 0.04 MgO 0.03 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 6.70 SiO2 0.09 TiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 1.53 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.003 - Black ball clay) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 2.1 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 46.0 SiO2 note = | 0.8 TiO2 32.2 Al2O3 1.0 Fe2O3 17.0 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.004 - Blue ball clay) note = | % 3.44 KNaO 0.66 MgO 0.22 CaO 55.0 SiO2 note = | 1.2 TiO2 30.0 Al2O3 1.3 Fe2O3 8.60 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.4 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.2 CaO 31.7 Al2O3 note = | 51.9 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.3 LOI note = | Hamer: note = | 0.1 K2O Al2O3 4 SiO2 2 H2O (average) note = | 0.1 K2O Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O (aluminous) note = | 0.2 K2O Al2O3 9 SiO2 2 H2O (siliceous) note = | IMC: note = | % 0.40 Na2O 0.91 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.19 CaO 31.74 Al2O3 note = | 52.04 SiO2 1.52 TiO2 0.80 Fe2O3 12.20 LOI name = Ball Clay Bell Dark date = 09/08/2007 code = Bell aka = Bell Dark akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = .006 Na2O 0.015 K2O .019 MgO .020 CaO Al2O3 3.573 SiO2 .069 TiO2 .023 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |A very plastic ball clay used in industrial and hobby clay bodies note = |of all types. Primary applications are dinnerware and artware. note = | note = |Physical Properties: note = |Water of Plasticity*: 37.0% % note = |Dry Shrinkage*: 6.5 note = |Dry M.O.R., psi:* 825 pH: 4.4 C.E.C., note = |meq/100g: 11.0 note = |Specific Surface Area, sq metre/g: 24.4 note = |Soluble sulfur+: Low note = |P.C.E.: 32 note = |Particle Size, Microns: 20 10 5 2 1 0.5 0.2 (% finer than) 99% note = |97% 93% 81% 72% 56% 35% note = | note = |Fired Properties-Cone 5 10 note = |Total Shrinkage: 13.0% 14.5% Absorption: 10.0% 1.0% note = | note = |*Extruded, 50% ball clay, 50% flint +Low-trace note = |to 150, Med-150-400, High-450+ **50% Clay, 50% Nepheline Syenite note = | note = |10.50% LOI Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co. note = |http://www.k-tclay.com/ceramic_ballclay.asp name = Bandy Black date = 06/05/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.36 Na2O 1.69 K2O 0.12 MgO 0.09 CaO 24.50 Al2O3 61.00 SiO2 0.07 P2O5 1.29 TiO2 0.99 Fe2O3 0.01 MnO 9.74 LOI 0.11 SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bandy Black supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Bandy Black - dust hazard note = | Ball clay. Good in soda/salt for "German" grays [Cushing]. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.4 Na2O 1.7 K2O 0.12 MgO 0.09 CaO 24.5 Al2O3 note = | 61.0 SiO2 0.07 P2O5 1.3 TiO2 0.99 Fe2O3 0.01 MnO note = | 9.7 LOI 0.11 SO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.36 Na2O 1.69 K2O 0.12 MgO 0.09 CaO 24.50 Al2O3 note = | 61.00 SiO2 0.07 P2O5 1.29 TiO2 0.99 Fe2O3 0.01 MnO note = | 9.74 LOI 0.11 SO3 name = Bandy Tan date = 05/27/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.36 Na2O 1.64 K2O 0.58 MgO 0.32 CaO 24.38 Al2O3 61.21 SiO2 0.03 P2O5 1.26 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 0.01 MnO 8.67 LOI 0.09 SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bandy Tan supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Bandy Tan - dust hazard note = | Ball clay. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.36 Na2O 1.64 K2O 0.58 MgO 0.32 CaO 24.38 Al2O3 note = | 61.21 SiO2 0.03 P2O5 1.26 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 0.01 MnO note = | 8.67 LOI 0.09 SO3 name = Barium carbonate date = 05/30/98 code = bacarb aka = Witherite akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = BaO CO2 density = 160.2 available = y costperlb = 1.45 annote = |Barium carbonate supplies BaO. haznote = |Barium carbonate - toxic note = | Sometimes used as a primary flux in glazes to produce satin matt note = |surfaces with exciting colors; can be used with boron to create note = |glossy surfaces. In glazes where it is a secondary component, can note = |often be replaced with Strontium carbonate (75% as much strontium note = |as there was barium, by weight). note = | Prepared by reducing the mineral Barite (BaSO4) to the sulfide, note = |then precipitating the carbonate with CO2. Note that barium note = |carbonate has a decomposition temperature of 1421C, and thus note = |when used in the raw glaze batch, some may persist after the note = |firing [Parmelee] (thus the main danger of barium glazes). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | BaCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | BaCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | BaCO3 note = | Cuff: note = | BaCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | BaCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | BaCO3 note = | Memmott: note = | BaCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | BaCO3 note = | IMC: note = | BaCO3 name = Barium chloride date = 05/30/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = BaCl2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Barium chloride supplies BaO. haznote = |Barium chloride - toxic note = | A soluble form of barium used to fume pots to produce note = |iridescence. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | BaCl note = | Parmelee: note = | BaCl2 name = Barium chromate date = 06/04/98 code = bacr type = colorant mapto = formula = BaCrO4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Barium chromate supplies BaO and Cr2O3. haznote = |Barium chromate - toxic note = | Produces lemon yellow, yellow-green, and green in overglaze note = |enamels. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | BaCrO4 note = | Parmelee: note = | BaCrO4 name = Barium selenite date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = BaO SeO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Barium selenite supplies BaO and SeO2. haznote = |Barium selenite - toxic note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | BaSeO3 name = Barium sulfate date = 05/30/98 code = aka = Barytes akacode = aka = Heavy spar akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = BaO SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.90 annote = |Barium sulfate supplies BaO. note = | Not generally used as a glaze ingredient; usually used to make note = |frits. Occurs as the mineral Barite. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: (also called Heavy spar) note = | BaSO4 note = | IMC: note = | BaSO4 name = Barnard clay date = 05/26/98 code = barn aka = Blackbird clay akacode = aka = Barnard slip akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.12 Na2O 2.04 K2O 0.75 MgO 0.27 CaO 10.87 Al2O3 59.7 SiO2 0.67 TiO2 14.65 Fe2O3 3.4 MnO 7.48 LOI density = 177.6 available = y costperlb = 0.38 annote = |Barnard clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Barnard clay - dust hazard note = | A high-iron clay from glacial deposits. note = | Manufactured by Hammill & Gillespie; comes from western note = |Pennsylvania. note = | Non-plastic, dark brown; starts to melt at c/4. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.12 Na2O 2.04 K2O 0.75 MgO 0.27 CaO 10.87 Al2O3 note = | 59.7 SiO2 0.67 TiO2 14.65 Fe2O3 3.4 MnO 7.48 LOI note = | (also present: Ba, Pb, Zr, Sr, Ni) note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 3.77 K2O 10.60 Al2O3 52.38 SiO2 0.85 TiO2 note = | 20.27 Fe2O3 3.23 MnO 8.27 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.5 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.6 MgO 0.5 CaO 6.7 Al2O3 note = | 41.4 SiO2 0.2 TiO2 29.9 Fe2O3 3.25 MnO 8.4 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.12 Na2O 2.04 K2O 0.75 MgO 0.27 CaO 10.8 Al2O3 note = | 59.7 SiO2 0.67 TiO2 14.6 Fe2O3 5.4 MnO 7.48 LOI note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 4.0 K2O 10.6 Al2O3 52.4 SiO2 0.9 TiO2 note = | 20.3 Fe2O3 3.2 MnO 8.3 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB, CB): note = | % 3.8 K2O 10.6 Al2O3 52.4 SiO2 0.9 TiO2 note = | 20.3 Fe2O3 3.2 MnO 8.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.57 Na2O 1.14 K2O 0.68 MgO 0.57 CaO 7.60 Al2O3 note = | 47.01 SiO2 0.23 TiO2 33.90 Fe2O3 8.31 LOI note = | IMC: (Blackbird) note = | % 0.12 Na2O 2.04 K2O 0.75 MgO 0.27 CaO 10.87 Al2O3 note = | 59.70 SiO2 0.67 TiO2 14.65 Fe2O3 3.40 MnO 7.46 LOI name = Basalt date = 06/03/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.2 Na2O 1.2 K2O 6.4 MgO 9.3 CaO 14.0 Al2O3 52.0 SiO2 0.4 P2O5 1.0 TiO2 12.8 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Basalt supplies SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Fe2O3, and TiO2. note = | Basalt is a common igneous rock, poorer in silica and higher note = |in calcium and magnesium than granite. note = | Useful in dark clay bodies and brown/black glazes. Fluxes note = |earlier than feldspars; can produce a glaze at 1250C [IMC]. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (AG): (average basalt) note = | % 3.2 Na2O 1.2 K2O 6.4 MgO 9.3 CaO 14.0 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 0.4 P2O5 1.0 TiO2 12.8 Fe2O3 note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 3.2 Na2O 1.2 K2O 6.4 MgO 9.3 CaO 14.1 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 0.4 P2O5 1.0 TiO2 12.8 Fe2O3 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 3 Na2O 1 K2O 6 MgO 9 CaO 14 Al2O3 note = | 52 SiO2 1 TiO2 13 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 2.40 Na2O 0.60 K2O 10.30 MgO 7.90 CaO 14.10 Al2O3 note = | 48.60 SiO2 1.60 TiO2 0.30 P2O5 11.20 Fe2O3 0.10 MnO note = | 3.80 LOI name = Bell Dark ball clay date = 06/05/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.10 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.19 MgO 0.19 CaO 26.8 Al2O3 59.2 SiO2 1.81 TiO2 0.97 Fe2O3 10.45 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Bell Dark ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | and Fe2O3. haznote = |Bell Dark ball clay - dust hazard note = | Very plastic. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.10 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.19 MgO 0.19 CaO 26.8 Al2O3 note = | 59.2 SiO2 1.81 TiO2 0.97 Fe2O3 10.45 LOI name = Bell feldspar date = 06/02/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.09 Na2O 10.07 K2O 0.40 CaO 17.87 Al2O3 68.28 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.21 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bell feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 3.1 Na2O 10.1 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.4 CaO 17.9 Al2O3 note = | 68.3 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.33 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.09 Na2O 10.07 K2O 0.40 CaO 17.87 Al2O3 note = | 68.28 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.21 LOI name = Bentolite L date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.20 Na2O 0.10 K2O 3.66 MgO 1.67 CaO 15.76 Al2O3 72.21 SiO2 0.27 TiO2 0.33 Fe2O3 5.80 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bentonite L supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Bentonite L - dust hazard note = | A pure white bentonite, less plastic than other bentonites note = |though. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 K2O 1.0 MgO 1.5 CaO 12.7 Al2O3 note = | 65.9 SiO2 0.2 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 18.0 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.20 Na2O 0.10 K2O 3.66 MgO 1.67 CaO 15.76 Al2O3 note = | 72.21 SiO2 0.27 TiO2 0.33 Fe2O3 5.80 LOI name = Bentonite date = 06/02/98 code = bent type = clay mapto = formula = % 2.99 Na2O 0.26 K2O 2.36 MgO 4.09 CaO 17.15 Al2O3 59.4 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 3.86 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.55 annote = |Bentonite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes; bentonite helps to suspend glazes. haznote = |Bentonite - dust hazard note = | [Generic bentonite; map to a particular type of bentonite, or note = |use another formula. Typical density 172.0 g/c] note = | Bentonites contain large amounts of montmorillonite clay note = |minerals, produced by the alteration of volcanic ash in marine note = |environments. Montmorillonites also result from hydrothermal note = |alteration of Mg/Fe-rich igneous rocks. Theoretical formula for note = |montmorillonite is Al2Si4O10 (OH)2 nH2O where n is around 2-4. note = |Mg replaces some of the Al, and Na and Ca ions hang around in note = |the interlayer space, making for a very complex molecular note = |structure. note = | Bentonite consists of extremely small particles, most less than note = |one micron. Bentonites are on the order of ten times finer than note = |ball clays. There are two general classes of bentonites - the note = |CaO-rich bentonites that do not swell much in water, and the note = |CaO-poor, Na2O-rich bentonites that swell considerably. note = | Bentonite is the most plastic material used in ceramics. note = |Bentonites are used to add plasticity to clay bodies and help to note = |suspend glaze ingredients. Should be mixed with warm water note = |before adding to clay or glaze, or mixed thoroughly with other note = |dry ingredients. note = | Bentonites are so-called because they were first discovered in note = |1896 in Fort Benton, WY. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Western K-4; Hammill & Gillespie, 1989) note = | % 2.99 Na2O 0.26 K2O 2.36 MgO 4.09 CaO 17.15 Al2O3 note = | 59.4 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 3.86 Fe2O3 note = | Obstler: (Black Hills; Ceramic Industry, 1993) note = | % 2.90 KNaO 2.26 MgO 0.46 CaO 20.7 Al2O3 64.32 SiO2 note = | 0.11 TiO2 3.49 Fe2O3 0.35 S note = | Obstler: (Wyoming Bentonite; Grimshaw, note = | "Chemistry and Physics of Clays" 1980) note = | % 0.43 Na2O 1.12 K2O 2.55 MgO 1.80 CaO 20.4 Al2O3 note = | 49.4 SiO2 0.4 TiO2 3.70 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.006) note = | % 2.76 Na2O 0.60 K2O 2.49 MgO 0.49 CaO 20.14 Al2O3 note = | 55.44 SiO2 3.67 Fe2O3 13.50 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 9 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | % 2.9 K2O 2.26 MgO 0.46 CaO 20.7 Al2O3 note = | 64.3 SiO2 0.11 TiO2 3.4 Fe2O3 5.15 LOI note = | Cushing: (White Bentonite) note = | % 2.58 Na2O 5.7 K2O 3.2 MgO 1.92 CaO 15.2 Al2O3 note = | 67.2 SiO2 0.16 TiO2 1.87 Fe2O3 note = | Cushing: (Bentonite) (This is a swelling bentonite) note = | % 2.9 Na2O 2.3 MgO 0.45 CaO 20.7 Al2O3 note = | 64.3 SiO2 0.11 TiO2 3.5 Fe2O3 5.15 LOI 0.35 SO3 note = | Cushing: (approximate) note = | Al2O3 5 SiO2 7 H2O + impurities note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.6 Na2O 0.4 K2O 2.3 MgO 0.5 CaO 21 Al2O3 note = | 64 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 3.5 Fe2O3 5.2 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 2.93 K2O 2.27 MgO 0.46 CaO 20.84 Al2O3 note = | 64.86 SiO2 0.11 TiO2 3.50 Fe2O3 5.04 LOI name = Bismuth oxide date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Bi2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Bismuth oxide supplies Bi2O3. note = | A bismuth compound used in overglaze lusters. Soluble in acids note = |but not in plain water [Parmelee]. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Bi2O3 name = Bismuth subnitrate date = 05/30/98 code = bisub type = colorant mapto = formula = Bi2O3 NO2 NO3 2 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 31.50 annote = |Bismuth subnitrate supplies Bi2O3. haznote = |Bismuth subnitrate - toxic fumes note = | A bismuth compound used in overglaze lusters. Soluble in acids note = |but not in plain water [Parmelee]. May contain arsenic, lead, and note = |silver as impurities. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | BiONO3 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | BiONO3 H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 76.40 Bi2O3 23.60 LOI name = Black cobalt oxide date = 06/13/96 code = blco type = colorant mapto = Cobalt oxide formula = Co3O4 density = 217.4 available = y costperlb = 30.00 annote = |Black cobalt oxide provides CoO. Used as a colorant, acts as flux. haznote = |Black cobalt oxide - irritant note = |Reliable and strong colorant. Produces blues under most note = |circumstances, In high-magnesia glazes it tends to purples note = |and pinks. Greenish blues result from cobalt with rutile, note = |in the absence of boron and tin. name = Black copper oxide date = 06/13/96 code = blcu type = colorant mapto = Copper oxide formula = CuO density = 482.6 available = y costperlb = 3.75 annote = |Black copper oxide provides CuO. Used as a colorant. haznote = |Black copper oxide - poisonous - fumes can be toxic above c/8 note = |Versatile colorant, used to produce greens, turquoise, note = |copper reds, and raku copper lusters and matts, name = Black iron oxide date = 05/31/98 code = bio aka = Iron oxide - black akacode = aka = Ferrous oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO density = 189.8 available = y costperlb = 1.10 annote = |Black iron oxide supplies Fe2O3. note = | Common source of iron. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | FeO note = | Rhodes: note = | FeO note = | Chappell: note = | FeO note = | Cushing: note = | FeO note = | Memmott: note = | FeO note = | Parmelee: note = | FeO note = | IMC: note = | % 65.20 Fe2O3 32.80 FeO 2.00 H2O note = | 98-99% Fe3O4 name = Black nickel oxide date = 06/04/98 code = bno aka = Nickelic oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Ni2O3 density = 465.6 available = y costperlb = 14.20 annote = |Black nickel oxide supplies NiO. haznote = |Black nickel oxide - toxic note = | Colorant used to produce blue, gray, green, brown, and yellow. note = |Ni2O3 decomposes to NiO at 600C. note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | Ni2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Ni2O3 note = | Memmott: note = | Ni2O3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Ni2O3 note = | IMC: note = | Ni2O3 name = Bonding clay date = 05/25/98 code = bond type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.30 Na2O 0.88 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.08 CaO 28.50 Al2O3 57.32 SiO2 1.98 TiO2 1.23 Fe2O3 9.39 LOI 0.24 SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.18 annote = |Bonding clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Bonding clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Coope & Royle: (Appendix 8) (Cedar Heights bonding clay 50 mesh) note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.88 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.08 CaO 28.50 Al2O3 note = | 57.32 SiO2 1.98 TiO2 1.23 Fe2O3 9.39 LOI 0.24 S name = Bone ash date = 06/03/98 code = bone type = opacifier mapto = formula = 13 CaO 4 P2O5 CO2 density = 170.2 available = y costperlb = 2.38 annote = |Bone ash supplies CaO and P2O5. haznote = |Bone ash - skin irritant note = | Bone ash is a highly variable material produced by calcining note = |animal (cattle) bones. Similar materials include the mineral note = |Apatite (CaF Ca4(PO4)3) and calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). note = | Bone ash generally acts as an opacifier in glazes. Can cause note = |crawling and blistering. In the c/9-10 range and higher, bone note = |ash decomposes and releases tricalcium phosphate, a highly note = |reactive substance that helps flux the rest of the glaze note = |[Obstler]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry, 1993, 47) note = | % 67-85.9 Ca3(PO4)2 3-10 CaCO3 2-3.8 Mg3(PO4)2 note = | 0-5.15 NaCl+KCl trace CaF note = | Hopper: (Syn. with calcium phosphate)(note P2O3) note = | 3 CaO P2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Syn. Calcium phosphate) note = | 3 CaO P2O5 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.007) note = | % 0.65 KNaO 1.10 MgO 53.80 CaO 0.27 Al2O3 note = | 0.51 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 42.50 P2O5 note = | Rhodes: note = | Ca3(PO4)2 note = | Cuff: note = | Ca3(PO4)2 note = | Chappell: note = | 3 CaO P2O5 note = | Cushing: note = | Ca3(PO4)2 note = | Parmelee: (Bone ash and Calcium phosphate) note = | Ca3(PO4)2 note = | Parmelee: (Bone ash) (Al includes Fe) note = | % 0.64 KNaO 53.30 CaO 0.30 MgO 1.30 Al2O3 note = | 1.80 SiO2 40.15 P2O5 3.20 F note = | Parmelee: (Apatite) (Al includes Fe) note = | % 0.80 KNaO 55.70 CaO 0.20 MgO 0.72 Al2O3 note = | 0.06 SiO2 39.24 P2O5 3.10 F 0.28 H2O note = | Sanders: note = | % 1.33 MgO 52.44 CaO 2.71 SiO2 40.88 P2O5 note = | 0.32 Fe2O3 1.88 LOI note = | (trace of Al2O3) note = | Green: (from Bennett and Hawley, "Methods of Silicate note = |Analysis" 1965) note = | 0.16 Na2O 0.10 Mg) 3.33 CaO 0.02 SiO2 1.0 P2O5 note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 1 MgO 54 CaO 3 SiO2 42 P2O5 note = | IMC: (Hydroxyapatite) note = | Ca5(OH) (PO4)3 name = Boraq date = 02/23/2001 code = aka = Boraq 1 akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = % 3.4 Na2O3 0.6 K2O 17.8 CaO 2.2 MgO 0.3 SrO 34.5 B2O3 2.5 Al2O3 12.5 SiO2 0.2 Fe2O3 26.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.89 annote = |Boraq supplies B2O3, CaO, other fluxes, SiO2, and Al2O3. note = | Gerstley Borate replacement from Axner / Plainsman Clays. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 3.4 Na2O3 0.6 K2O 17.8 CaO 2.2 MgO 0.3 SrO note = | 34.5 B2O3 2.5 Al2O3 12.5 SiO2 0.2 Fe2O3 26.0 LOI name = Borax date = 05/30/98 code = borax aka = Tincal akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O density = 122.4 available = y costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Borax supplies B2O3 and Na2O. haznote = |Borax - toxic note = | Borax is a highly soluble mineral, formed by the evaporation of note = |ancient lake basins fed by volcanic springs during the Tertiary note = |(26 million years ago) in southern California (Mojave Desert). note = |Asian borax is called by the mineral name Tincal (so is American, note = |depending on who you ask). note = | Borax is manufactured by U.S Borax and Chemical Corp. and by note = |Kerr Magee Chemical Corp. in California. note = | Borax is a powerful melter in glazes, used in low-fire glazes note = |and as an auxiliary melter in some stoneware glazes. It note = |increases the fluidity of the glaze and helps to heal defects. note = |Amounts up to about 10% may be added to viscous glazes, note = |including high-fire glazes for this purpose. Too much may result note = |in boiling (blisters, and pinholes). note = | The water content of borax can fluctuate with changes in note = |atmospheric conditions. The water may be driven out by heat; at note = |735C, all the water is removed (resulting in anhydrous, or fused note = |borax). note = | The 10 water molecules gave rise to the designation "10 Mule note = |Borax" (really, "10 Mol Borax"). note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry 1993, 48) note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Hopper: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.008) note = | % 16.25 Na2O 36.52 B2O3 47.23 H2O note = | Rhodes: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Memmott: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 16.25 Na2O 36.49 B2O3 47.26 LOI name = Boric acid date = 06/01/98 code = boracid aka = Boracic acid akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = B2O3 3 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.75 annote = |Boric acid supplies B2O3. haznote = |Boric acid - toxic note = | Boric acid is manufactured by processing the mineral Kernite note = |(Na2O 2B2O3 4H2O), or other similar minerals (such as Borax), note = |with sulfuric acid. It is a powerful flux, and melts at 392F. note = |Soft and flaky, highly soluble in water. Tends to volatize note = |during firing [Parmelee]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Hopper: note = | H3BO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.010) note = | % 56.30 B2O3 43.70 H2O note = | Rhodes: note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Memmott: (Boracic acid) note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | Parmelee: (Boracic acid) note = | B2O3 3 H2O note = | IMC: note = | B2O3 3 H2O name = Borocalcite date = 05/28/98 code = aka = Boro-calcite akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO 2 B2O3 6 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Borocalcite supplies B2O3 and CaO. haznote = |Borocalcite - toxic note = | Very similar to Colemanite, in some sources they are listed as note = |identical/synonymous. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CaO 2 B2O3 6 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.011) note = | % 0.50 KNaO 0.80 MgO 26.30 CaO 0.08 Al2O3 4.90 SiO2 note = | 0.02 Fe2O3 44.00 B2O3 22.3 LOI name = Buckingham feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = buck aka = Buckingham spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.00 Na2O 11.60 K2O 0.20 CaO 18.00 Al2O3 66.90 SiO2 0.22 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Buckingham feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar, no longer available as of early 1970's. note = |Substitute Kona A-1 [Speight] or G-200 [IMC]. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 2.7 Na2O 11.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 18.4 Al2O3 note = | 66.3 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.3LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 0.74 K2O 0.26 CaO 1.026 Al2O3 6.34 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 2.56 Na2O 12.44 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.16 CaO 19.6 Al2O3 note = | 65.58 SiO2 0.01 Fe2O3 0.32 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 2.7 Na2O 11.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 18.4 Al2O3 note = | 66.3 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.7 Na2O 11.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 18.4 Al2O3 note = | 66.3 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.00 Na2O 11.60 K2O 0.20 CaO 18.00 Al2O3 note = | 66.90 SiO2 0.22 LOI name = Burnt sienna date = 06/01/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = 0.04 CaO 0.06 Al2O3 0.7 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 0.61 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Burnt sienna provides SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | A hydrated form of iron-manganese ochre; like umber but with note = |lower manganese content. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.04 CaO 0.06 Al2O3 0.7 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 0.61 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | Fe2O3 H2O + impurities name = Burnt umber date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = 0.11 MgO 0.18 CaO 0.32 MnO 0.18 Al2O3 0.89 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 0.89 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 2.15 annote = |Burnt umber provides SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, MnO, and Fe2O3. note = | Natural hydrated form of iron with variable manganese content. note = |Synthetic forms exist also. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.11 MgO 0.18 CaO 0.32 MnO 0.18 Al2O3 0.89 SiO2 note = | 1.0 Fe2O3 0.89 H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 1.50 MgO 3.50 CaO 6.10 Al2O3 18.00 SiO2 note = | 54.00 Fe2O3 11.50 MnO 5.50 LOI name = C & C ball clay date = 06/03/98 code = C&C type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.12 Na2O 0.28 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.37 CaO 29.34 Al2O3 53.96 SiO2 0.02 P2O5 1.64 TiO2 0.98 Fe2O3 0.02 MnO2 12.82 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |C & C supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |C & C - dust hazard note = | White-firing stoneware clay, good for porcelain and white note = |stoneware. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.12 Na2O 0.28 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.37 CaO 29.34 Al2O3 note = | 53.96 SiO2 0.015 P2O5 1.64 TiO2 0.98 Fe2O3 note = | 12.82 LOI 0.03 SO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.12 Na2O 0.28 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.37 CaO 29.34 Al2O3 note = | 53.96 SiO2 0.02 P2O5 1.64 TiO2 0.98 Fe2O3 0.02 MnO2 note = | 12.82 LOI name = C W-5 clay date = 06/02/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.0 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.3 CaO 35.7 Al2O3 48.8 SiO2 1.8 TiO2 1.6 Fe2O3 13.2 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |C W-5 clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |C W-5 clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 1.0 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.3 CaO 35.7 Al2O3 note = | 48.8 SiO2 1.8 TiO2 1.6 Fe2O3 13.2 LOI name = Cadmium carbonate date = 05/30/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CdCO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cadmium carbonate supplies CdO. haznote = |Cadmium carbonate - toxic - contains cadmium - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended note = | Used in conjunction with selenium to produce reds and oranges in note = |low-fire glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CdCO3 name = Cadmium sulfide date = 05/30/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CdS density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cadmium sulfide supplies CdO. haznote = |Cadmium sulfide - toxic - contains cadmium - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended note = | Occurs naturally in the mineral Greenockite in association with note = |zinc ores; purified to produce the commercial product. note = | Used in conjunction with selenium to produce reds and oranges in note = |low-fire glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CdS note = | Chappell: note = | CdS note = | Parmelee: note = | CdS name = Cadycal date = 02/23/2001 code = type = flux mapto = formula = % 25.3 CaO 0.3 MgO 48.6 B2O3 0.7 SiO2 25.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.75 annote = |Cadycal supplies B2O3, CaO, MgO, and SiO2. note = | Calcium borate material. note = | Cadycal is produced by Fort Cady Minerals Corp., Newberry note = |Springs, CA. It is mined from an ore body 1400 feet under note = |the ground through wells (by pumping down dilute sulfuric note = |acid and reacting the resulting boric acid solution with lime). note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 6.0 Na2O 26.2 CaO 38.0 B2O3 0.5 Al2O3 note = | 29.2 SiO2 12.0 LOI name = Calcined china clay date = 05/25/98 code = ccc aka = Calcined clay akacode = type = clay mapto = Glomax formula = 0.248 Na2O 0.089 K2O 0.228 MgO 0.05 CaO 44.065 Al2O3 53.394 SiO2 1.489 TiO2 0.437 Fe2O3 density = 117.2 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Calcined china clay supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Calcined china clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic formula, could be mapped to a particular calcined note = |kaolin.] note = | Calcined form of kaolin, used in place of regular kaolin to note = |reduce the shrinkage of a glaze or slip due to clay content. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.31 Na2O 0.39 K2O 44.40 Al2O3 note = | 53.08 SiO2 0.95 TiO2 0.40 Fe2O3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | Cushing: (Glomax Calcined Kaolin) note = | % 0.25 Na2O 0.09 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.05 CaO 44.4 Al2O3 note = | 53.8 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 name = Calcined kaolin date = 06/13/96 code = ck type = clay mapto = Glomax formula = 0.248 Na2O 0.089 K2O 0.228 MgO 0.05 CaO 44.065 Al2O3 53.394 SiO2 1.489 TiO2 0.437 Fe2O3 density = 117.2 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Calcined china clay provides SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Calcined china clay - dust hazard note = |Because it shrinks less than uncalcined kaolins or clays, it is note = |used in slips/engobes to be applied to bisqueware. Can also be note = |used to lessen shrinkage in glazes containing a lot of clay. name = Calcium borate date = 05/28/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO B2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Calcium borate supplies CaO and B2O3. haznote = |Calcium borate - toxic note = | Anhydrous form of borocalcite. note = | Analyses: note = | Cuff: note = | Ca(BO2)2 note = | Parmelee: note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Hamer: note = | Ca(BO2)2 note = | IMC: note = | CaO B2O3 name = Calcium borate frit date = 05/21/98 code = cbfrit type = frit mapto = Frit P2244 formula = % 27.10 CaO 4.78 Al2O3 50.60 B2O3 17.74 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = | Map to your favorite calcium borate frit. note = | American substitute: Gerstley Borate. name = Calcium chloride date = 05/28/98 code = cacl type = flux mapto = formula = CaCl2 5 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.80 annote = |Calcium chloride supplies CaO and helps to flocculate glazes. note = | A soluble calcium salt used as a flocculant in slips and glazes. note = |0.1-0.3% causes gelling that makes it easier to apply even coats note = |and to apply glaze to nonporous surfaces. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CaCl2 6H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | CaCl2 note = | IMC: note = | CaCl2 5 H2O name = Calcium phosphate date = 05/28/98 code = tcp aka = Tricalcium phosphate akacode = aka = Synthetic bone ash akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = 3 CaO P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Calcium phosphate supplies CaO and P2O5. haznote = |Calcium phosphate - toxic note = | A refined substitute for bone ash (3CaO P2O5 is the formula note = |often given for bone ash). It is a white crystalline powder; note = |not soluble in cold water, changes form in hot water. note = |Used as an opacifier in high-fire glazes (above c/8). note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad note = | Ca3(PO4)2 note = | Hamer: note = | Ca3(PO4)2 name = Calcium sulfate date = 06/01/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Calcium sulfate provides CaO. note = | Calcium sulfate is a very interesting compound. In nature it note = |occurs by itself, as the mineral Anhydrite, and with attached note = |water molecules, as the mineral Gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O). On heating note = |to about 65C, Gypsum loses 75% of its water and becomes Plaster note = |of Paris; beyond 95C, all the water is lost and it becomes note = |Anhydrite. Above 1000C, it releases its SO3, which may cause note = |bubbling in glazes. note = | Calcium sulfate is soluble in water and can be used as a note = |flocculant in glazes. note = | Calcium sulfate is sometimes found as a contaminant in clays note = |and causes efflorescence (scumming) during drying. Barium note = |carbonate or sulfate are sometimes used in the clay body to note = |counteract this. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | CaSO4 note = | Hamer: note = | CaSO4 name = Calcium zirconium silicate date = 06/06/98 code = type = opacifier mapto = formula = CaZrSiO4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Calcium zirconium silicate supplies CaO, ZrO2, and SiO2. note = | A zirconium opacifier containing some calcium. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CaZrSiO4 name = Calvert clay date = 06/04/98 code = calv type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.41 Na2O 2.00 K2O 0.80 MgO 0.30 CaO 23.80 Al2O3 57.79 SiO2 1.21 TiO2 5.71 Fe2O3 7.98 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Calvert clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Calvert clay - dust hazard note = | Red burning clay used in clay bodies. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 3.2 K2O 0.8 MgO 0.3 CaO 23.8 Al2O3 note = | 57.7 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 5.7 Fe2O3 9.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.41 Na2O 2.00 K2O 0.80 MgO 0.30 CaO 23.80 Al2O3 note = | 57.79 SiO2 1.21 TiO2 5.71 Fe2O3 7.98 LOI name = Carbondale Red Fireclay date = 09/23/2007 code = cred aka = Carbondale Red akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % .590 Na2O .510 K2O .640 MgO .560 CaO .030 MnO .010 SrO .14 BaO 19.160 Al2O3 55.980 SiO2 .090 P2O5 1.030 TiO2 .030 CrO 12.020 Fe2O3 9.040 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 haznote = |dust hazard if inhaled. note = |A very high iron refractory clay well suited for many ceramic note = |applications requiring bright red color. It fires to a toasty red note = |up to about cone 3 and then turns dark red to brown (partly due note = |to soluble salts on the surface that darken the color). This note = |material has a plasticity similar to a typical pottery clay body. note = |Carbondale red provides formulators with an economical source of note = |iron oxide. note = | note = |Some have suggested this as a substitute for Newman Red, however note = |it is much more vitreous and higher in iron. name = Carolina Stone date = 05/30/98 code = caro type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.40 Na2O 4.50 K2O 0.60 CaO 16.40 Al2O3 73.00 SiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 1.10 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Carolina Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | An American substitute for Cornwall Stone. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry 1966, 94) note = | % 4.14 Na2O 4.42 K2O 0.62 CaO 16.23 Al2O3 note = | 72.3 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 1.23 CaF2 1.06 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 4.4 Na2O 4.42 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.62 CaO 16.23 Al2O3 note = | 72.30 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 1.06 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 4.40 Na2O 4.50 K2O 0.60 CaO 16.40 Al2O3 note = | 73.00 SiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 1.10 LOI name = Cerium oxide date = 05/30/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = CeO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cerium oxide supplies CeO. haznote = |Cerium oxide - toxic note = | A rarely used flux/opacifier; at higher temperatures gives note = |yellow with titanium. Small amounts cause fluorescence under note = |ultraviolet light. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CeO name = Cherry ash date = 04/02/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 1.8 Na2O 21.6 K2O 8.7 MgO 30.3 CaO 24.96 SiO2 7.6 P2O5 2.62 Fe2O3 2.42 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cherry ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO, SiO2, and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 1.8 Na2O 21.6 K2O 8.7 MgO 30.3 CaO note = | 24.96 SiO2 7.6 P2O5 2.62 Fe2O3 name = Chesterfield feldspar date = 06/02/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.75 Na2O 8.50 K2O 0.30 CaO 16.34 Al2O3 70.75 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.29 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Chesterfield feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 3.75 Na2O 8.5 K2O 0.03 CaO 16.3 Al2O3 note = | 70.6 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.75 Na2O 8.50 K2O 0.30 CaO 16.34 Al2O3 note = | 70.75 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.29 LOI name = China clay date = 06/13/96 code = china type = clay mapto = EPK formula = % 0.059 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.098 MgO 0.18 CaO 37.36 Al2O3 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 0.79 Fe2O3 0.236 P2O5 13.91 LOI density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 0.22 annote = |China clay provides SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |China clay - dust hazard note = |A pure form of kaolin - used in situations where impurities would note = |discolor the glaze or clay (such as porcelain or white glazes). name = Chromium oxide date = 05/30/98 code = cr aka = chrome oxide akacode = aka = Chrome oxide akacode = aka = Chromic oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Cr2O3 density = 205.4 available = y costperlb = 5.90 annote = |Chromium oxide supplies Cr2O3. haznote = |Chromium oxide - toxic note = |dense opaque "John Deere" green. refractory. Fumes above cone 8. High tin note = |(5%+) tin and small amounts of Cr yield Cr - Sn pinks. Zinc + Cr note = | = brown. Lead + Cr = oranges (Otto's texture glaze). note = | note = |Used to produce greens, chrome-tin pinks, and (in low note = |temperature lead glazes) yellows, reds, and oranges. With zinc, note = |forms zinc chromate (brown). Very powerful colorant, usually note = |requires less than 2%. note = | Tends to volatize during firing, causing tin-bearing glazes in note = |the kiln to blush pink. note = | Insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in molten silicates; note = |highly refractory. note = | Manufactured from the mineral Chromite (FeCr2O4). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Chappell: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Memmott: note = | Cr2O3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Cr2O3 note = | IMC: note = | Cr2O3 name = Chromium sulfate date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Cr2O3 3 SO3 15 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Chromium sulfate supplies Cr2O3. haznote = |Chromium sulfate - toxic note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Cr2(SO4)3 15 H2O name = Clay date = 05/25/98 code = clay type = clay mapto = EPK formula = % 0.059 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.098 MgO 0.18 CaO 37.36 Al2O3 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 0.79 Fe2O3 0.236 P2O5 13.91 LOI density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Clay supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic clay; theoretical formula Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O. Map to a note = |particular kind of clay, or use the theoretical formula.] note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O name = Clinchfield #202 date = 06/06/98 code = 202 aka = Clinchfield #202 feldspar akacode = aka = Clinchfield #202 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 2.53 Na2O 10.96 K2O 0.34 CaO 16.95 Al2O3 69.23 SiO2 1.00 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Clinchfield #202 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar, similar to Kingman. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 2.6 Na2O 10.9 K2O 0.2 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.1 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Chappell: (Clinchfield) note = | (see Custer) note = | Cushing: note = | 0.25 Na2O 0.72 K2O 0.03 CaO 1.06 Al2O3 7.08 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.6 Na2O 10.9 K2O 0.2 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.1 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 2.53 Na2O 10.96 K2O 0.34 CaO 16.95 Al2O3 note = | 69.23 SiO2 1.00 LOI name = Clinchfield #303 date = 05/23/98 code = 303 aka = Clinchfield #303 feldspar akacode = aka = Clinchfield #303 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 5.5 Na2O 7.9 K2O 0.5 CaO 18.2 Al2O3 67.8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Clinchfield #303 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, annote = | and CaO. note = | Potash feldspar, similar to Kingman. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 5.5 Na2O 7.9 K2O 0.5 CaO 18.2 Al2O3 67.8 SiO2 name = CMC date = 06/02/98 code = cmc aka = C.M.C. akacode = aka = Carboxymethylcellulose akacode = type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 7.78 annote = |CMC helps to bind the glaze and adhere the glaze to the pot. note = | Sodium carboxymethylcellulose - an organic gum that helps to note = |harden raw glazes and stains, especially those that have little note = |or no clay content. A side effect is that the gum slows down drying note = |of the glaze - this might be an advantage when brushing glazes, note = |but is a disadvantage when dipping or pouring. note = | In some sources (i.e. Hamer) it is called S.C.M.C. note = | Veegum CER is a 1:1 mixture of CMC and Veegum T. note = | note = | Chappell gives these instructions for use: note = | Mix 25 g CMC, 1 quart H2O, and 3-5 drops formaldehyde (to note = |prevent decomposition). Let sit several days. Then, shake or note = |stir. Use about 1 teaspoon per 100 g glaze. note = | Gum tragacanth can be substituted but is more expensive. name = Cobalt carbonate date = 05/30/98 code = cocarb type = colorant mapto = formula = CoO CO2 density = 148.4 available = y costperlb = 20.00 annote = |Cobalt carbonate supplies CoO. haznote = |Cobalt carbonate - toxic note = | A powerful colorant and flux. Cobalt carbonate is usually very note = |fine and easily dispersed through the glaze. note = | Insoluble in water. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CoCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | CoCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | CoCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | CoCO3 note = | Hamer: note = | CoCO3 note = | CoCO3 Co(OH)2 (Cobalt carbonate basic) note = | IMC: note = | % 63 CoO 37 CO2 name = Cobalt chloride date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CoCl2 6 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cobalt chloride supplies CoO. haznote = |Cobalt chloride - toxic note = | A soluble form of cobalt, not usually used in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | CoCl2 6H2O name = Cobalt nitrate date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CoO NO2 NO3 6 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cobalt nitrate supplies CoO. haznote = |Cobalt nitrate - toxic note = | A soluble form of cobalt, not usually used in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Co(NO3)2 6 H2O name = Cobalt oxide date = 05/30/98 code = coox type = colorant mapto = formula = Co3O4 density = 217.4 available = y costperlb = 30.00 annote = |Cobalt oxide supplies CoO. haznote = |Cobalt oxide - toxic note = | A powerful colorant and flux. Tends to speck glazes and not note = |disperse as well as the carbonate. note = | Insoluble in water. note = | Manufactured by roasting cobalt ores. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Co2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CoO note = | Rhodes: note = | Co3O4 note = | Chappell: note = | Co3O4 note = | Cushing: note = | Co3O4 note = | Parmelee: note = | Co3O4 name = Cobalt sulfate date = 05/30/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CoO SO3 7H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.75 annote = |Cobalt sulfate supplies CoO. haznote = |Cobalt sulfate - toxic note = | A soluble form of cobalt, not usually used in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CoSO4 7H2O name = Colemanite date = 05/28/98 code = col type = flux mapto = formula = 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Colemanite supplies B2O3 and CaO. haznote = |Colemanite - toxic note = | Colemanite is a natural calcium borate mineral. It is believed note = |to be formed when calcium-rich waters act on ulexite (see note = |Gerstley Borate) and remove the sodium ions. Rich deposits of note = |colemanite were created in the Death Valley region of California note = |during the late Miocene epoch. These deposits were mined until note = |1927. In more recent times, American Borate Co. has mined less note = |pure deposits from the same area. note = | Currently the largest active Colemanite mining operation is in note = |Turkey. Turkish colemanite is not refined or processed, thus the note = |composition is variable from batch to batch; it contains about note = |75-85% colemanite, with the balance being shale, clay, note = |limestone, sandstone, etc. note = | Colemanite is a useful glaze ingredient in low-fire glazes and note = |low-end stoneware glazes; it combines both fluxing and note = |glass-forming properties. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Colemanite AM - from old Hammill & Gillespie data) note = | % 46.0 B2O3 28.0 CaO 3.0 SiO2 0.6 MgO 0.02 Na2O note = | 0.012 Fe2O3 0.1 Al2O3 0.01 K2O 0.01 As2O3 17.0 LOI note = | Green: note = | 0.04 KNaO 0.09 MgO 0.73 CaO 0.01 Al2O3 0.14 SiO1 note = | 1.0 B2O3 1.8 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Rhodes: (Syn. Calcium borate - ?) note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Cuff: note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | Memmott: (Syn. Borocalcite) note = | 2 CaO 3 B2O3 5 H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 27.3 CaO 50.8 B2O3 21.9 LOI name = Copper carbonate date = 06/05/98 code = cucarb type = colorant mapto = formula = CuO CO2 density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 3.95 annote = |Copper carbonate supplies CuO. haznote = |Copper carbonate - toxic note = | A colorant and flux. note = | Copper carbonate comes in various shades of green, reflecting note = |various degrees of hydration. Pure copper carbonate (CuCO3) is note = |about 64% CuO, whereas the basic carbonate (CuCO3 Cu(OH)2) is note = |nearly 72% CuO. The basic carbonate is (in theory) easier to note = |disperse in glazes due to its greater affinity for water. note = | Prepared from Malachite (CuCO3 Cu(OH)2) and Azurite (2CuCO3 note = |Cu(OH)2) or by chemical processes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CuCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CuCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | CuCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | CuCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | CuCO3 note = | Memmott: note = | CuCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | CuCO3 note = | Hamer: note = | CuCO3 note = | CuCO3 Cu(OH)2 (Copper carbonate basic) note = | IMC: note = | CuCO3 note = | CuCO3 Cu(OH)2 (Copper carbonate basic) name = Copper chloride date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = CuCl2 2 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Copper chloride supplies CuO. haznote = |Copper chloride - toxic note = | A soluble form of copper, not usually used in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | CuCl2 2 H2O name = Copper oxide date = 05/31/98 code = cuox aka = Cupric oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = CuO density = 482.6 available = y costperlb = 3.75 annote = |Copper oxide supplies CuO. haznote = |Copper oxide - toxic note = | A colorant and flux. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CuO note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CuO note = | Rhodes: note = | CuO note = | Chappell: note = | CuO note = | Cushing: note = | CuO note = | Memmott: note = | CuO note = | Parmelee: (Green copper oxide) note = | CuO name = copper oxide red date = 10/27/98 code = cu red aka = cuperous oxice akacode = cu red type = colorant mapto = formula = Cu2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Copper sulfate date = 05/31/98 code = aka = Blue vitriol akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = CuO SO3 5H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 2.40 annote = |Copper sulfate supplies CuO. haznote = |Copper sulfate - toxic note = | A soluble form of copper, not usually used in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | CuSO4 5H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | CuSO4 name = Cornwall Stone date = 05/30/98 code = corn aka = Cornish Stone akacode = aka = China Stone akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.30 Na2O 4.31 K2O 0.14 MgO 1.81 CaO 16.31 Al2O3 73.80 SiO2 0.15 TiO2 0.20 Fe2O3 density = 197.8 available = y costperlb = 1.25 annote = |Cornwall Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | P2O5, TiO2, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Cornwall Stone - may release fluorine gas during firing note = | [Map to a particular version of Cornwall Stone, or use one of note = |the analyses below. Typical density 197.8] note = | Manufactured by The Goonvean & Rostowrack China Clay Co., Ltd.; note = |comes from St. Stephen, St. Austell, Cornwall, England. note = |Primarily contains soda feldspar, potash feldspar, quartz, note = |amorphous silica (opal), kaolinite, and fluorite (varies by note = |type). note = | Similar Japanese material: Amakusa; similar Chinese material: note = |Petuntse (Baidunze) [Hamer]. Other similar stuff: Pegmatite; note = |Graven; Gowen; Growan; Manx stone; Meldon stone [IMC]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Hammill & Gillespie technical data 1989) note = | % 3.7 Na2O 3.7 K2O 2.0 CaO 16.0 Al2O3 73.0 SiO2 note = | 0.07 TiO2 0.14 Fe2O3 0.5 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | K2O Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 2.29 Na2O 6.57 K2O 1.6 CaO 0.05 MgO 16.8 Al2O3 71.1 SiO2 note = | 0.50 TiO2 0.16 Fe2O3 1.25 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 0.340 Na2O 0.356 K2O 0.304 CaO 1.075 Al2O3 8.10 SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | 0.34 Na2O 0.36 K2O 0.30 CaO 1.2 Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 2.29 Na2O 6.57 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.6 CaO 16.8 Al2O3 note = | 71.1 SiO2 0.16 Fe2O3 1.25 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.35 Na2O 0.42 K2O 0.23 CaO 1.40 Al2O3 9.0 SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 2.29 Na2O 6.57 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.6 CaO 16.82 Al2O3 note = | 71.1 SiO2 0.16 Fe2O3 0.50 CaF2 1.25 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.3 Na2O 6.6 K2O 0.1 MgO 1.6 CaO 16.8 Al2O3 note = | 71.1 SiO2 0.5 TiO2 0.2 Fe2O3 1.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.30 Na2O 4.31 K2O 0.14 MgO 1.81 CaO 16.31 Al2O3 note = | 73.80 SiO2 0.15 TiO2 0.20 Fe2O3 name = Cornwall stone - D.F. date = 05/23/98 code = aka = D.F. Stone akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.90 Na2O 3.80 K2O 0.20 CaO 12.00 Al2O3 79.50 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 0.08 F 0.45 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |D.F. Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, annote = | and Fe2O3. haznote = |D.F. Stone - may release fluorine gas during firing note = | A type of Cornwall stone manufactured in the years 1960-73; the note = |mica and fluorite were removed to produce a defluorinated note = |product. This variety of Cornwall Stone is no longer manufactured, note = |but many potters used it and many glaze recipes were based on it. note = | Comes from St. Stephen, St. Austell, Cornwall, England. note = |Primarily contains soda feldspar, potash feldspar, quartz, and note = |kaolinite. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Hammill & Gillespie technical data) note = | % 3.90 Na2O 3.80 K2O 0.20 CaO 12.00 Al2O3 79.50 SiO2 note = | 0.06 Fe2O3 0.08 F 0.45 LOI name = Cornwall stone - Hard White date = 05/23/98 code = aka = Hard White Cornwall Stone akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.25 Na2O 5.50 K2O 0.15 MgO 0.35 CaO 18.20 Al2O3 72.00 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 0.05 TiO2 0.13 Fe2O3 0.25 F 3.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Cornwall Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, annote = | CaO, MgO, P2O5, TiO2, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Cornwall Stone - may release fluorine gas during firing note = | One type of Cornwall stone. Contains less fluorine than the note = |Purple variety. note = | Manufactured by The Goonvean & Rostowrack China Clay Co., Ltd.; note = |comes from St. Stephen, St. Austell, Cornwall, England. Primarily note = |contains soda feldspar, potash feldspar, quartz, amorphous note = |silica (opal), and kaolinite. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (G&R, 1989, 1992) note = | % 0.15-0.35 Na2O 5.0-6.0 K2O 0.15 MgO 0.20-0.50 CaO note = | 18.20 Al2O3 72.00 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 note = | 0.05 TiO2 0.10-0.16 Fe2O3 0.25 F 3.50 LOI name = Cornwall stone - Purple date = 05/23/98 code = aka = Purple Stone akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.60 Na2O 3.70 K2O 0.12 MgO 1.90 CaO 15.80 Al2O3 72.80 SiO2 0.38 P2O5 0.07 TiO2 0.18 Fe2O3 0.90 F 1.25 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Purple Cornwall Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, annote = | CaO, MgO, P2O5, TiO2, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Cornwall Stone - may release fluorine gas during firing note = | One type of Cornwall stone. Contains more fluorine than the note = |Hard White and D.F. note = | Manufactured by The Goonvean & Rostowrack China Clay Co., Ltd.; note = |comes from St. Stephen, St. Austell, Cornwall, England. Primarily note = |contains soda feldspar, potash feldspar, quartz, and muscovite, note = |with a small amount of fluorite. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (G&R, 1989, 1992) note = | % 3.60 Na2O 3.70 K2O 0.12 MgO 1.90 CaO 15.80 Al2O3 note = | 72.80 SiO2 0.38 P2O5 0.07 TiO2 0.18 Fe2O3 0.90 F 1.25 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.014 - Hard purple) note = | % 3.62 Na2O 4.32 K2O 2.10 CaO 15.40 Al2O3 72.60 SiO2 note = | 0.04 TiO2 0.19 Fe2O3 1.62 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.015 - Mild purple) note = | % 3.71 Na2O 4.56 K2O 1.37 CaO 0.12 MgO 15.7 Al2O3 note = | 72.8 SiO2 0.03 TiO2 0.19 Fe2O3 1.37 LOI name = Crocus martis date = 05/31/98 code = croc aka = Iron oxide - purple akacode = aka = Anhydrous iron sulfate akacode = aka = Calcined copperas akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO SO3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.60 annote = |Crocus martis supplies Fe2O3. note = | A source of iron in glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Chappell: note = | Fe2O3 + impurities name = Cryolite date = 05/30/98 code = cry type = flux mapto = formula = Na3AlF6 density = 331.8 available = y costperlb = 2.30 annote = |Cryolite supplies Na2O and Al2O3. haznote = |Cryolite - releases fluorine gas during firing note = | A natural source of insoluble sodium. Because of its lack of note = |oxygen, can help to produce artifical reduction in electric note = |firing. The release of fluorine at higher temperatures may note = |produce cratered, bubbled surfaces. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Na3AlF6 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Na3AlF6 or 3NaF AlF3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Na3AlF6 note = | Chappell: note = | Na3AlF6 note = | Cushing: note = | Na3AlF6 note = | Parmelee: (error?) note = | 3 NaF AlF6 note = | IMC: note = | % 29.45 Na2O 16.13 Al2O3 54.42 LOI name = Custer feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = cust aka = akacode = custer aka = Custer spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 2.91 Na2O 10.28 K2O 0.30 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 69.00 SiO2 0.12 Fe2O3 0.04 LOI density = 190.2 available = y costperlb = 0.31 annote = |Custer feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Commonly used potash feldspar. note = | Can be used to substitute for Keystone, Buckingham, Yankee, or note = |Kingman feldspars. note = | Manufactured by Pacer Corporation; comes from Custer, SD. note = |Primarily feldspar, some free quartz and traces of iron and note = |magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Pacer Corp. 1989) note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.0 K2O 0.3 CaO 17.0 Al2O3 note = | 68.5 SiO2 0.15 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.3 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.5 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 0.31 Na2O 0.69 K2O 1.05 Al2O3 7.05 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.30 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.5 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.31 Na2O 0.69 K2O 1.05 Al2O3 7.05 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.3 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.5 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 2.91 Na2O 10.28 K2O 0.30 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 note = | 69.00 SiO2 0.12 Fe2O3 0.04 LOI name = Darvan date = 06/06/98 code = aka = Darvan 7 akacode = type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Darvan is a deflocculant. note = | Darvan is a general name for a series of products from R.T. note = |Vanderbilt. They are polyacrylic acid polymers that are usually note = |used to deflocculate casting slips. For more information on note = |specific versions, see IMC's book. note = | note = | Approximate cost: $3.50/pint (Axner, 2001) name = Del Monte feldspar date = 06/04/98 code = aka = Delmonte feldspar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.70 Na2O 4.30 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.20 CaO 16.50 Al2O3 73.40 SiO2 0.02 TiO2 0.15 Fe2O3 0.45 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Del Monte feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Speight: note = | 0.39 Na2O 0.40 K2O 0.21 CaO 1.03 Al2O3 6.42 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 4.70 Na2O 4.30 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.20 CaO 16.50 Al2O3 note = | 73.40 SiO2 0.02 TiO2 0.15 Fe2O3 0.45 LOI name = Dextrine date = 06/02/98 code = type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Dextrine helps to bind the glaze and adhere the glaze to the pot. note = | Chappell gives these instructions for use: note = | Mix 2 tablespoons per pint of water; add a few drops note = |formaldehyde (to prevent decomposition). Shake vigorously then note = |let sit a few hours. Add 2 tablespoons of solution per pint glaze. name = Dolomite date = 05/26/98 code = dol type = flux mapto = formula = CaO MgO 2 CO2 density = 244.6 available = y costperlb = 0.29 annote = |Dolomite supplies CaO and MgO. note = | Dolomite is calcium magnesium carbonate, theoretical formula note = |CaMg(CO3)2. Pure dolomite, with exactly equal numbers of calcium note = |and magnesium atoms, is formed by precipitation out of waters in note = |which both are dissolved. Most dolomite, however, is formed when note = |magnesium-rich waters seep through calcium carbonate rocks, and note = |the magnesium ions replace some of the calcium (up to half). note = |This process takes millions of years to complete, so some note = |dolomite may have only incomplete replacement, and thus be note = |higher in calcium than pure dolomite. Limestones in which note = |dolomitization has occurred are known as "dolomitic limestones" note = |or "dolostones." note = | According to Obstler, dolomite may be substituted for whiting note = |in many glazes without significant changes. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (DOLOCRON 4013 Pulverized Dolomitic Limestone note = | from CT - from Pfizer Inc. Minerals Division, 1992) note = | % 55.0 CaCO3 43.0 MgCO3 0.2 Al2O3 0.3 Fe2O3 0.7 SiO2 0.1 H2O note = | Obstler: (CT dolomitic limestone - Ceramic Industry 1993, 63) note = | % 30.57 CaO 19.42 MgO 0.2 Al2O3 0.1 Fe2O3 45.11 LOI note = | Hopper: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.019) note = | % 0.15 KNaO 31.41 CaO 20.77 MgO 0.56 Al2O3 note = | 1.05 SiO2 0.40 Fe2O3 45.53 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Cuff: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Memmott: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | CaCO3 MgCO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 21.90 MgO 30.49 CaO 47.61 LOI name = Epidote date = 05/23/98 code = epid type = feldspar mapto = formula = 8 CaO 3 Al2O3 3 Fe2O3 12 SiO2 2 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Epidote supplies SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | A common igneous rock. note = | Analyses: note = | Grebanier: note = | Ca2(Al,Fe)3 (SiO4)3 (OH) name = EPK date = 05/25/98 code = epk aka = Edgar Plastic Kaolin akacode = aka = EPK kaolin akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.059 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.098 MgO 0.18 CaO 37.36 Al2O3 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 0.79 Fe2O3 0.236 P2O5 13.91 LOI density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 0.22 annote = |EPK supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts of annote = | several fluxes. haznote = |EPK - dust hazard note = | A secondary (sedimentary) kaolin. 97% kaolinite. Fairly plastic, note = |white firing, good for suspending glazes. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corp.; comes from Florida. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 0.059 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.098 MgO 0.18 CaO note = | 37.36 Al2O3 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 note = | 0.79 Fe2O3 0.236 P2O5 13.91 LOI note = | Obstler: (Feldspar Corp., 1989) note = | % 0.05 Na2O 0.35 K2O 0.13 MgO 0.12 CaO note = | 38.28 Al2O3 45.14 SiO2 0.075 P2O5 0.27 TiO2 note = | 0.75 Fe2O3 14.48 H2O 0.025 SO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.12 MgO 0.09 CaO note = | 38.71 Al2O3 45.91 SiO2 0.34 TiO2 note = | 0.42 Fe2O3 14.16 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.12 MgO 0.09 CaO 38.71 Al2O3 note = | 45.91 SiO2 0.34 TiO2 0.42 Fe2O3 14.16 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.20 Na2O 0.25 K2O 0.15 MgO 0.10 CaO 37.8 Al2O3 note = | 46.0 SiO2 0.40 TiO2 0.60 Fe2O3 0.05 P2O5 14.0 LOI 0.03 SO3 note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 0.2 K2O 0.1 CaO 0.1 MgO 38.7 Al2O3 note = | 45.9 SiO2 0.34 TiO2 0.42 Fe2O3 14.2 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 Na2O 0.4 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.1 CaO 37.3 Al2O3 note = | 45.1 SiO2 0.3 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 14.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.06 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.18 CaO 37.36 Al2O3 note = | 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 0.79 Fe2O3 0.24 P2O5 13.91 LOI name = Epsom salts date = 05/30/98 code = eps aka = Magnesium sulfate akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = MgO SO3 7 H2O density = 215.0 available = y costperlb = 0.85 annote = |Epsom salts supply MgO and help to flocculate glazes. note = | Highly soluble; used in small quantities (0.1%-1%) as a note = |flocculant in slips and glazes. Many sources recommend making a note = |concentrated solution, then adding the solution to the mixed note = |glaze. note = | Can be a helpful addition to glazes with Gerstley Borate to help note = |prevent excessive gelling - try 4g per 100g GB [IMC]. note = | Decomposes to lose water at 150C. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | MgSO4 7H2O note = | Chappell: note = | MgSO4 7H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | MgSO4 7H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 21.5 MgO 48.0 H2O 30.5 SO3 name = Eureka feldspar date = 06/03/98 code = eureka aka = Eureka spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.49 Na2O 9.37 K2O 0.19 CaO 17.05 Al2O3 69.70 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Eureka feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 3.5 Na2O 9.4 K2O 17.11 Al2O3 note = | 69.8 SiO2 0.01 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Chappell: (slight difference from C&R) note = | % 3.5 Na2O 9.4 K2O 17.11 Al2O3 note = | 69.8 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 3.5 Na2O 9.4 K2O 17.1 Al2O3 note = | 69.8 SiO2 0.2 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.49 Na2O 9.37 K2O 0.19 CaO 17.05 Al2O3 note = | 69.70 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI name = Eureka spar #703 date = 06/01/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 0.52 Na2O 0.46 K2O 0.02 CaO 1.07 Al2O3 8.61 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Eureka spar #703 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | Soda feldspar; low calcium. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.52 Na2O 0.46 K2O 0.02 CaO 1.07 Al2O3 8.61 SiO2 name = F-20 feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = f20 aka = akacode = f-20 aka = F-20 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 6.82 Na2O 4.10 K2O 1.40 CaO 18.80 Al2O3 68.25 SiO2 0.065 Fe2O3 0.08 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |F-20 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Soda feldspar. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corporation. Used primarily as an note = |alumina source in glasses. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 6.82 Na2O 4.10 K2O 1.40 CaO 18.80 Al2O3 note = | 68.25 SiO2 0.065 Fe2O3 0.08 LOI name = Feldspar date = 05/21/98 code = feld aka = Felspar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = Potash feldspar formula = % 2.91 Na2O 10.28 K2O 0.30 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 69.00 SiO2 0.12 Fe2O3 0.04 LOI density = 190.2 available = y costperlb = 0.31 annote = |Feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Na2O. note = | [Map to your favorite feldspar. Usually the ingredient note = |"feldspar" in a recipe means a potash feldspar, but this is not note = |always the case.] note = | Technically, feldspars are sodium, potassium, and calcium note = |aluminosilicates, although the category is often extended to note = |include many feldspar-like (and feldspar-containing) materials note = |that supply fluxes, alumina, and silica to a glaze (i.e. note = |Spodumene, Cornwall Stone, etc.) Feldspars are igneous minerals, note = |a primary component of granites and similar rocks that make up a note = |large portion of the earth's crust. Feldspars and related materials note = |are the primary components of most stoneware glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.022 - Mixed feldspar) note = | % 3.72 Na2O 10.20 K2O 0.68 CaO 19.00 Al2O3 note = | 65.80 SiO2 0.10 Fe2O3 0.33 LOI name = Ferro Spar #10 date = 06/04/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 0.286 Na2O 0.716 K2O 0.984 Al2O3 7.85 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Del Monte feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Na2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Speight: note = | 0.286 Na2O 0.716 K2O 0.984 Al2O3 7.85 SiO2 name = Fire clay date = 05/25/98 code = fire aka = Fireclay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.17 Na2O 1.00 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.09 CaO 28.53 Al2O3 57.46 SiO2 1.99 TiO2 1.25 Fe2O3 9.28 LOI density = 212.0 available = y costperlb = 0.18 annote = |Fire clay supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Fire clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic fire clay. Map to a particular kind of fire clay, or use note = |generic formula below.] note = | Fire clays are coarse clays of sedimentary origin. They result note = |from deposits of clay and silt in deep fresh water, and from the note = |metamorphosis of ancient swamps into layers of clay and coal. note = |Fire clays contain large amounts of crystalline quartz, kaolinite, note = |and illite (hydrous mica), along with organic matter and other note = |minerals. note = | Fire clays, as their name suggests, are somewhat refractory and note = |resistant to heat. They are used in stoneware clay bodies, but note = |only infrequently in glazes. note = | The terms "fire clay", "sagger clay", and "stoneware clay" refer note = |to very similar clays, so far as chemistry and physical properties note = |go; the classification of a clay as one or the other more often note = |hinges on its usage. note = | Analyses: (generic Fire Clay) note = | Green: note = | 0.01 Na2O 0.07 K2O 0.06 MgO 0.02 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 4.0 SiO2 0.06 TiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 2.10 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Al2O3 6 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.9 K2O 1.1 MgO 0.8 CaO 23.1 Al2O3 note = | 58.1 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 2.4 Fe2O3 10.5 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 0.1 Na2O 0.2 K2O 0.1 CaO 30.0 Al2O3 note = | 52.0 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI name = Fire Clay Carbondale Red date = 09/08/2007 code = Carb aka = Carbondale Red akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % .59 Na2O .510 K2O .64 MgO .56 CaO .03 MnO .010 SrO 19.16 Al2O3 55.980 SiO2 .090 P2O5 1.03 TiO2 12.02 Fe2O3 9.04 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |also + .02 MnO note = |A very high iron refractory clay well suited for many ceramic note = |applications requiring bright red color. It fires to a toasty red note = |up to about cone 3 and then turns dark red to brown (partly due note = |to soluble salts on the surface that darken the color). This note = |material has a plasticity similar to a typical pottery clay body. note = |Carbondale red provides formulators with an economical source of note = |iron oxide. note = | note = |Some have suggested this as a substitute for Newman Red, however note = |it is much more vitreous and higher in iron. note = | note = |Typical Sieve Analysis: 80 mesh: trace 100 mesh: 0.2% 200 mesh: note = |2.5% note = | note = |Total Shrinkage Cone 5: 12.3 Cone 10: 13.4 note = | note = |Absorption Cone 5: 13.2 Cone 10: 7.4 note = | note = |Industrial Minerals states: Due to the variations of natural note = |occurring clays and minerals which limit our quality control and note = |the variety of applications for our products over which we have note = |no control, our products are sold with the understanding that the note = |user is solely responsible for determining suitability for any note = |purpose. name = Fluorspar date = 05/28/98 code = flu aka = Fluorite akacode = aka = Calcium fluoride akacode = aka = Derbyshire spar akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = CaF2 density = 360.6 available = n costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Fluorspar supplies CaO. haznote = |Fluorspar - toxic; produces toxic and corrosive silicon haznote = | tetrafluoride gas during firing note = | Fluorspar has a theoretical composition of CaF2. It is produced note = |by the metamorphosis of limestone and dolomite by fluorine-rich note = |gases. note = | Manufactured in the U.S. by Inverness Mining Co., Cave-In-Rock, note = |IL. Comes from Kentucky and Illinois. note = | In glazes, usually used in small amounts. Helps to flux the note = |glaze and may produce opacity (fluorite crystals). Silicon note = |tetrafluoride produced by the decomposition of fluorspar may note = |cause blisters and pinholes, and may damage the kiln and the note = |potter. Because silicon is removed, may matt the surface. note = |Can help in the development of unusual blues from cobalt and note = |copper. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry, 1993, 66) note = | % 95 CaF2 3 SiO2 1 CaCO3 0.12 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CaF2 note = | Rhodes: note = | CaF2 note = | Chappell: note = | CaF2 note = | Cushing: note = | CaF2 note = | Parmelee: note = | CaF2 note = | IMC: note = | % 48.6 CaO 3.0 SiO2 46.4 F name = Formaldehyde date = 06/02/98 code = type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = HCHO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Formaldehyde helps prevent organic matter from decomposing. note = | Can be added to gum solutions, glazes containing ball clays, or note = |any other glaze that contains organic matter and tends to note = |decompose. name = Foundry Hill Creme date = 06/06/98 code = fhc type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.55 Na2O 0.70 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.50 CaO 20.50 Al2O3 66.20 SiO2 0.09 P2O5 0.50 TiO2 1.60 Fe2O3 0.09 SO3 8.20 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Foundry Hill Creme supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, P2O5, annote = | and small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Foundry Hill Creme - dust hazard note = | A quartz-rich ball clay, used in stoneware clay bodies. May note = |substitute for Jordan clay, with the addition of some feldspar. note = |Contains 37% quartz, 31% kaolinite, 14% montmorillonite, 13% note = |mica, and 3% organic matter. note = | Manufactured by H.C. Spinks Clay Co.; comes from Paris, TN. note = | Very smooth, unspeckled; high shrinkage. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler (H.C. Spinks Clay Co. - note - no LOI and high P2O5): note = | % 0.55 Na2O 0.67 K2O 0.51 MgO 0.5 CaO 20.48 Al2O3 note = | 66.21 SiO2 8.21 P2O5 0.53 TiO2 1.6 Fe2O3 note = | 0.09 SO3 0.3 MnO note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.18 Na2O 2.3 K2O 0.31 MgO 0.04 CaO 24.8 Al2O3 note = | 58.4 SiO2 1.1 TiO2 4.7 Fe2O3 8.1 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.55 Na2O 0.70 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.50 CaO 20.50 Al2O3 note = | 66.20 SiO2 0.09 P2O5 0.50 TiO2 1.60 Fe2O3 note = | 0.09 SO3 8.20 LOI name = Fremington clay date = 06/06/98 code = frem type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.44 Na2O 3.98 K2O 3.97 MgO 4.87 CaO 20.11 Al2O3 59.68 SiO2 0.94 TiO2 6.01 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Fremington clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, Fe2O3, TiO2, annote = | and small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Fremington clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.44 Na2O 3.98 K2O 3.97 MgO 4.87 CaO 20.11 Al2O3 note = | 59.68 SiO2 0.94 TiO2 6.01 Fe2O3 name = Frit 1362W date = 05/18/98 code = 1362W aka = Wengers frit 1362W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.47 Na2O 0.21 MgO 0.33 CaO 0.03 Al2O3 2.66 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1362W supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Glass Cullet frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.47 Na2O 0.21 MgO 0.33 CaO 0.03 Al2O3 2.66 SiO2 name = Frit 1455W date = 05/21/98 code = 1455W aka = Wengers frit 1455W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.44 Na2O 0.56 CaO 0.27 Al2O3 0.36 B2O3 2.4 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1455W supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Standard Alkaline frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.44 Na2O 0.56 CaO 0.27 Al2O3 0.36 B2O3 2.4 SiO2 name = Frit 1460W date = 05/21/98 code = 1460W aka = Wengers frit 1460W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.80 Na2O 0.20 K2O 0.34 Al2O3 0.64 B2O3 2.11 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1460W supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Soft Alkaline frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.80 Na2O 0.20 K2O 0.34 Al2O3 0.64 B2O3 2.11 SiO2 name = Frit 1461W date = 05/21/98 code = 1461W aka = Wengers frit 1461W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 1.00 Na2O 2.00 B2O3 3.27 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1461W supplies SiO2, B2O3, and Na2O. note = | Soft Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 1.00 Na2O 2.00 B2O3 3.27 SiO2 name = Frit 1462W date = 05/21/98 code = 1462W aka = Wengers frit 1462W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.33 KNaO 0.67 CaO 0.23 Al2O3 1.90 B2O3 1.93 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1462W supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, and KNaO. note = | Standard Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.33 KNaO 0.67 CaO 0.23 Al2O3 1.90 B2O3 1.93 SiO2 name = Frit 1463W date = 05/21/98 code = 1463W aka = Wengers frit 1463W akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.31 KNaO 0.69 CaO 0.30 Al2O3 0.78 B2O3 3.00 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 1463W supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, and KNaO. note = | Hard Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Wengers Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.31 KNaO 0.69 CaO 0.30 Al2O3 0.78 B2O3 3.00 SiO2 name = Frit 210507 date = 05/21/98 code = 210507 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.5 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.2 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 0.1 B2O3 1.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 210507 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | Alkaline frit. Formerly frit 201105. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.5 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.2 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 0.1 B2O3 1.5 SiO2 name = Frit 210701 date = 05/21/98 code = 210701 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.30 Na2O 0.13 K2O 0.57 CaO 0.25 Al2O3 0.68 B2O3 2.13 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 210701 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Standard Borax frit. Formerly frit 201102. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.30 Na2O 0.13 K2O 0.57 CaO 0.25 Al2O3 0.68 B2O3 2.13 SiO2 name = Frit 210702 date = 05/21/98 code = 210702 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.11 Na2O 0.11 K2O 0.78 CaO 0.52 Al2O3 0.98 B2O3 3.06 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 210702 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Low Expansion frit. Formerly frit 201104. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.11 Na2O 0.11 K2O 0.78 CaO 0.52 Al2O3 0.98 B2O3 3.06 SiO2 name = Frit 210703 date = 05/21/98 code = 210703 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.10 Na2O 0.04 K2O 0.16 CaO 0.71 ZnO 0.08 Al2O3 0.27 B2O3 1.00 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 210703 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, ZnO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | High Zinc frit. Formerly frit 201107. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.10 Na2O 0.04 K2O 0.16 CaO 0.71 ZnO 0.08 Al2O3 note = | 0.27 B2O3 1.00 SiO2 name = Frit 210704 date = 05/18/98 code = 210704 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.27 Na2O 0.02 K2O 0.02 MgO 0.69 CaO 0.16 Al2O3 0.58 B2O3 2.11 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 210704 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, MgO, and K2O. note = | High Lime frit. Formerly frit 201108. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.27 Na2O 0.02 K2O 0.02 MgO 0.69 CaO 0.16 Al2O3 note = | 0.58 B2O3 2.11 SiO2 name = Frit 211701 date = 05/21/98 code = 211701 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.24 Na2O 0.07 K2O 0.06 MgO 0.34 CaO 0.04 ZnO 0.19 Al2O3 0.59 B2O3 2.86 SiO2 0.26 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 211701 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Opaque Zircon frit. Formerly frit 201106. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: (listed MW is 487.32) note = | 0.24 Na2O 0.07 K2O 0.06 MgO 0.34 CaO 0.04 ZnO note = | 0.19 Al2O3 0.59 B2O3 2.86 SiO2 0.26 ZrO2 name = Frit 213702 date = 05/21/98 code = 213702 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.16 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.05 MgO 0.44 CaO 0.14 PbO 0.46 Al2O3 0.78 B2O3 3.65 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 213702 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, K2O, Na2O, PbO, annote = | and MgO. haznote = |Frit 213702 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Low Sol Clear frit. Formerly frit 201103. note = | Manufactured by Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.16 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.05 MgO 0.44 CaO 0.14 PbO note = | 0.46 Al2O3 0.78 B2O3 3.65 SiO2 name = Frit 3002 date = 05/21/98 code = 3002 aka = Fulham Pottery frit 3002 akacode = aka = Frit FP 3002 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.30 Na2O 0.13 K2O 0.57 CaO 0.25 Al2O3 0.68 B2O3 2.13 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3002 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Standard Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Fulham Pottery. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (fluxes don't add to 1.0) note = | 0.336 Na2O 0.32 K2O 0.632 CaO 0.146 Al2O3 note = | 0.644 B2O3 2.6 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.30 Na2O 0.13 K2O 0.57 CaO 0.25 Al2O3 note = | 0.68 B2O3 2.13 SiO2 name = Frit 3003 date = 05/21/98 code = 3003 aka = Fulham Pottery frit 3003 akacode = aka = Frit FP3003 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.5 Na2O 0.5 CaO 0.6 B2O3 2.6 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3003 supplies SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO. note = | Transparent Alkaline frit. note = | Manufactured by Fulham Pottery. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 0.5 Na2O 0.5 CaO 0.6 B2O3 2.6 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.50 Na2O 0.50 CaO 0.60 B2O3 2.60 SiO2 name = Frit 3005 date = 05/21/98 code = 3005 aka = Fulham Pottery frit 3005 akacode = aka = Frit FP3005 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.414 Na2O 0.112 MgO 0.413 CaO 0.061 ZnO 0.351 Al2O3 0.827 B2O3 4.08 SiO2 0.426 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3005 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, MgO, ZnO, annote = | and ZrO2. note = | Zircon frit. note = | Manufactured by Fulham Pottery. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 0.414 Na2O 0.112 MgO 0.413 CaO 0.061 ZnO 0.351 Al2O3 note = | 0.827 B2O3 4.08 SiO2 0.426 ZrO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.09 K2O 0.32 Na2O 0.08 MgO 0.45 CaO 0.06 ZnO 0.25 Al2O3 note = | 0.81 B2O3 3.86 SiO2 0.35 ZrO2 name = Frit 3006 date = 05/21/98 code = 3006 aka = Fulham Pottery frit 3006 akacode = aka = Frit FP3006 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.39 Na2O 0.03 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.58 CaO 0.13 Al2O3 0.71 B2O3 2.16 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3005 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Opalescent Alkaline frit. note = | Manufactured by Fulham Pottery. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: (listed MW is 199.5) note = | 0.39 Na2O 0.03 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.58 CaO 0.13 Al2O3 note = | 0.71 B2O3 2.16 SiO2 name = Frit 3110 date = 05/18/98 code = 3110 aka = Ferro frit 3110 akacode = aka = Frit KFG 4110 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.64 Na2O 0.096 K2O 0.264 CaO 0.155 Al2O3 0.109 B2O3 2.921 SiO2 density = 196.8 available = y costperlb = 1.75 annote = |Frit 3110 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, and K2O. note = | Sodium borosilicate frit. High soda, low alumina. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-1505, Glostex GF-134, Fusion F-75. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 2.5 K2O 15.4 Na2O 5.2 CaO 0.8 MgO 2.8 B2O3 note = | 3.7 Al2O3 69.6 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 2.3 K2O 15.3 Na2O 6.3 CaO 2.6 B2O3 3.7 Al2O3 69.8 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.064 K2O 0.643 Na2O 0.293 CaO 00981 B2O3 note = | 0.094 Al2O3 3.03 SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | 0.06 K2O 0.65 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.1 B2O3 0.1 Al2O3 3.0 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 2.3 K2O 15.3 Na2O 6.3 CaO 2.6 B2O3 3.7 Al2O3 69.8 SiO2 note = | 0.06 K2O 0.64 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.10 B2O3 0.09 Al2O3 3.03 SiO2 name = Frit 3124 date = 05/18/98 code = 3124 aka = Ferro frit 3124 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = .282 Na2O .020 K2O .698 CaO .270 Al2O3 .550 B2O3 2.56 SiO2 density = 193.4 available = y costperlb = 1.50 annote = |Frit 3124 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = |Calcium borosilicate frit. Fusion at 1600F. note = |Similar frits: Pemco P-311, O'Hommel 90, General 378-A, note = |Fusion F-19, Glostex GF-113. note = |Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 0.6 K2O 5.6 Na2O 14.5 CaO 12.5 B2O3 10.0 Al2O3 56.8 SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | 0.02 K2O 0.28 Na2O 0.70 CaO 0.55 B2O3 0.27 Al2O3 2.56 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.020 K2O 0.280 Na2O 0.698 CaO 0.550 B2O3 note = | 0.270 Al2O3 2.56 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.7 K2O 6.3 Na2O 14.1 CaO 13.7 B2O3 9.9 Al2O3 55.3 SiO2 note = | 0.02 K2O 0.28 Na2O 0.70 CaO 0.55 B2O3 0.27 Al2O3 2.55 SiO2 name = Frit 3134 date = 05/18/98 code = 3134 aka = Ferro frit 3134 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = .316 Na2O .684 CaO 0.632 B2O3 1.475 SiO2 density = 194.2 available = y costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Frit 3134 supplies SiO2, B2O3, CaO, and Na2O. note = | Calcium borosilicate frit; no alumina. Particularly good for note = |raku glazes. Fusion at 1450F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-54, O'Hommel 14 (242). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 10.2 Na2O 20.1 CaO 23.2 B2O3 46.5 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 10.3 Na2O 20.1 CaO 23.1 B2O3 46.5 SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | 0.32 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.63 B2O3 1.47 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.316 Na2O 0.684 CaO 0.632 B2O3 1.47 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 10.3 Na2O 20.1 CaO 23.1 B2O3 46.5 SiO2 note = | 0.32 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.63 B2O3 1.48 SiO2 name = Frit 3185 date = 05/19/98 code = 3185 aka = Ferro frit 3185 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = Na2O 4.961 B2O3 7.026 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 3.05 annote = |Frit 3185 supplies SiO2, B2O3, and Na2O. note = | Sodium borosilicate frit; no flux besides soda, no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 1.00 Na2O 4.4 B2O3 7.27 SiO2 note = | Conrad: (potassium instead of sodium - error?) note = | 1.00 K2O 4.430 B2O3 7.27 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 7.7 Na2O 38.2 B2O3 54.1 SiO2 note = | 1.00 Na2O 4.42 B2O3 7.25 SiO2 name = Frit 3195 date = 05/18/98 code = 3195 aka = Ferro frit 3195 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.349 Na2O 0.651 CaO 0.721 Al2O3 1.337 B2O3 2.756 SiO2 density = 200.6 available = y costperlb = 2.50 annote = |Frit 3195 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, and Na2O. note = | Calcium borosilicate frit; very high in boron. This frit is a note = |complete c/06-02 glaze with the addition of a little kaolin to note = |suspend. note = | Fusion at 1800F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-67, Glostex GF-115, Fusion F-2. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: (older analysis?) note = | % 12.7 Na2O 11.3 CaO 15.8 B2O3 12.5 Al2O3 47.6 SiO2 note = | Cushing: (B2O3 looks wrong) note = | 0.30 Na2O 0.70 CaO 0.50 B2O3 0.40 Al2O3 2.70 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.370 Na2O 0.630 CaO 1.100 B2O3 0.405 Al2O3 2.76 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 6.0 Na2O 11.2 CaO 23.0 B2O3 12.4 Al2O3 47.4 SiO2 note = | 0.33 Na2O 0.67 CaO 1.12 B2O3 0.41 Al2O3 2.67 SiO2 name = Frit 3226 Ferro date = 04/30/2008 code = 3226 type = frit mapto = formula = 3.076 B2O3 0.695 Na2O 0.058 Al2O3 5.155 SiO2 0.305 CaO density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Frit 3240 date = 05/18/98 code = 3240 aka = Ferro frit 3240 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 0.6 K2O 4.5 Na2O 8.8 CaO 7.9 BaO 15.8 ZnO 10.0 B2O3 0.9 Al2O3 39.5 SiO2 10.2 ZrO2 1.9 F density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3240 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, ZnO, CaO, BaO, Na2O, K2O, annote = | and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit 3240 - contains barium note = | Borosilicate frit with mixed fluxes including barium and zinc; note = |also contains zirconium. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-64, O'Hommel 26 (69), TAM G-26. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 0.6 K2O 4.5 Na2O 8.8 CaO 7.9 BaO 15.8 ZnO note = | 10.0 B2O3 0.9 Al2O3 39.5 SiO2 10.2 ZrO2 note = | Conrad: (Cadmium??) note = | 0.012 K2O 0.152 Na2O 0.326 CaO 0.107 BaO 0.403 ZnO note = | 0.295 CdO 0.018 B2O3 1.36 SiO2 0.172 ZrO2 0.209 F note = | IMC: note = | % 0.6 K2O 4.5 Na2O 8.8 CaO 7.9 BaO 15.8 ZnO note = | 10.0 B2O3 0.9 Al2O3 39.5 SiO2 10.2 ZrO2 1.9 F note = | 0.01 K2O 0.15 Na2O 0.33 CaO 0.11 BaO 0.40 ZnO note = | 0.30 B2O3 0.02 Al2O3 1.37 SiO2 0.17 ZrO2 name = Frit 3247 date = 04/11/2002 code = 3247 aka = Ferro Frit 3247 akacode = type = new mapto = formula = BaO .150 Al2O3 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Frit subst for raw barium. Cited in some Val Cushing low-fire note = |glazes. name = Frit 3269 date = 05/18/98 code = 3269 aka = Ferro frit 3269 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.547 Na2O 0.399 K2O 0.005 CaO 0.049 ZnO 0.65 Al2O3 0.749 B2O3 2.448 SiO2 0.039 F2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.40 annote = |Frit 3269 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, ZnO, and CaO. note = | Sodium/potassium borosilicate frit; moderately high expansion note = |(may be useful as a crackle glaze with addition of 10% kaolin). note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-25, O'Hommel 25 (259), Glostex GF-114, note = |Fusion F-225. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 10.0 K2O 11.2 Na2O 17.1 B2O3 12.8 Al2O3 48.9 SiO2 note = | Conrad: (CaF2 ??) note = | 0.306 K2O 0.641 Na2O 0.009 CaO 0.004 CaF2 0.778 B2O3 note = | 0.462 Al2O3 2.95 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 8.1 K2O 11.1 Na2O 0.1 CaO 1.0 ZnO 15.2 B2O3 note = | 13.2 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 1.6 F note = | 0.31 K2O 0.64 Na2O 0.01 CaO 0.04 ZnO 0.78 B2O3 note = | 0.46 Al2O3 2.96 SiO2 name = Frit 3278 date = 05/18/98 code = 3278 aka = Ferro frit 3278 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 15.3 Na2O 6.9 CaO 21.6 B2O3 56.2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3278 supplies SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO. note = | Sodium/calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-830, O'Hommel K3, Fusion F-60. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 15.5 Na2O 6.8 CaO 21.8 B2O3 56.2 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.669 Na2O 0.331 CaO 0.842 B2O3 2.58 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 15.3 Na2O 6.9 CaO 21.6 B2O3 56.2 SiO2 note = | 0.67 Na2O 0.33 CaO 0.84 B2O3 2.53 SiO2 name = Frit 3288 date = 05/19/98 code = 3288 aka = Ferro frit 3288 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 0.42 K2O 8.52 Na2O 16.91 CaO 18.82 B2O3 4.97 Al2O3 50.36 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3288 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Sodium/calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1800F. note = | Similar frits: Fusion F-65, Glostex GF-103. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.01 K2O 0.31 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.61 B2O3 note = | 0.11 Al2O3 1.89 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.42 K2O 8.52 Na2O 16.91 CaO 18.82 B2O3 note = | 4.97 Al2O3 50.36 SiO2 note = | 0.01 K2O 0.31 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.61 B2O3 note = | 0.11 Al2O3 1.89 SiO2 name = Frit 3289 date = 05/18/98 code = 3289 aka = Ferro frit 3289 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.167 Na2O 0.833 BaO 0.164 Al2O3 0.377 B2O3 1.498 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.10 annote = |Frit 3289 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3289 - contains barium note = | Barium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1500F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-626, Fusion F-65. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 5.5 Na2O 27.4 BaO 12.4 B2O3 5.4 Al2O3 49.3 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.5 Na2O 27.4 BaO 12.4 B2O3 5.4 Al2O3 49.3 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.333 Na2O 0.667 BaO 0.667 B2O3 0.200 Al2O3 3.07 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 5.5 Na2O 27.4 BaO 12.4 B2O3 5.4 Al2O3 49.3 SiO2 note = | 0.33 Na2O 0.67 BaO 0.67 B2O3 0.20 Al2O3 3.07 SiO2 name = Frit 3292 date = 05/19/98 code = 3292 aka = Ferro frit 3292 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.1 K2O 3.0 Na2O 0.4 Li2O 10.6 CaO 0.7 MgO 4.2 SrO 5.7 B2O3 10.8 Al2O3 61.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3292 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, SrO, Na2O, K2O, MgO, annote = | and Li2O. note = | Calcium borosilicate frit with mixed fluxes. note = | Similar frits: Fusion F-134. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | 0.095 K2O 0.141 Na2O 0.042 Li2O 0.535 CaO 0.055 MgO note = | 0.132 SrO 0.235 B2O3 0.301 Al2O3 2.92 SiO2 note = | I.M.C.: (Unity on Al2O3 for some reason) note = | % 3.1 K2O 3.0 Na2O 0.4 Li2O 10.6 CaO 0.7 MgO 4.2 SrO note = | 5.7 B2O3 10.8 Al2O3 61.5 SiO2 note = | 0.31 K2O 0.46 Na2O 0.13 Li2O 1.79 CaO 0.16 MgO 0.38 SrO note = | 0.77 B2O3 1.00 Al2O3 9.66 SiO2 name = Frit 3293 date = 05/18/98 code = 3293 aka = Ferro frit 3293 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 16.7 Na2O 0.2 CaO 0.8 MgO 5.9 Al2O3 76.4 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3293 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, MgO, and CaO. note = | Sodium silicate frit; no boron. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-283. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 16.7 Na2O 0.2 CaO 0.8 MgO 5.9 Al2O3 76.4 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.922 Na2O 0.012 CaO 0.066 MgO 0.200 Al2O3 4.36 SiO2 name = Frit 3300 date = 05/19/98 code = 3300 aka = Ferro frit 3300 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.2 K2O 0.7 Na2O 8.8 CaO 0.4 MgO 6.2 BaO 10.5 ZnO 22.2 PbO 9.2 Al2O3 38.8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3300 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, PbO, ZnO, CaO, BaO, K2O, Na2O, annote = | and MgO. haznote = |Frit 3300 - toxic - contains lead and barium - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Mixed flux frit with lead, zinc, and barium. note = | Fusion at 1700F. note = | Similar frits: O'Hommel 316, Fusion FZ-45. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: (MgO value in error) note = | % 3.2 K2O 0.7 Na2O 8.8 CaO 6.2 MgO 6.2 BaO 10.5 ZnO note = | 22.2 PbO 9.2 Al2O3 38.8 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 3.2 K2O 0.7 Na2O 8.8 CaO 0.4 MgO 6.2 BaO 10.5 ZnO note = | 22.2 PbO 9.2 Al2O3 38.8 SiO2 note = | 0.07 K2O 0.02 Na2O 0.33 CaO 0.02 MgO 0.08 BaO 0.27 ZnO note = | 0.21 PbO 0.19 Al2O3 1.34 SiO2 name = Frit 3304 date = 05/19/98 code = 3304 aka = Ferro frit 3304 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.1 Na2O 54.4 PbO 4.0 Al2O3 40.5 SiO2 density = 307.4 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3304 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, PbO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3304 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Common lead silicate frit used in clear glazes c/08-04. note = | Fusion at 1500F. note = | Similar frits: O'Hommel 61. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 2.1 Na2O 52.6 PbO 4.8 Al2O3 40.5 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.1 Na2O 54.4 PbO 4.0 Al2O3 40.5 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.1 Na2O 54.4 PbO 4.0 Al2O3 40.5 SiO2 note = | 0.07 Na2O 0.93 PbO 0.15 Al2O3 2.58 SiO2 name = Frit 3403 date = 05/19/98 code = 3403 aka = Ferro frit 3403 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.4 K2O 0.3 Na2O 0.1 CaO 67.8 PbO 2.3 Al2O3 28.1 SiO2 density = 392.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3403 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, PbO, K2O, Na2O, and CaO. haznote = |Frit 3403 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | High lead zincless frit; very low melting temperature. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-723, O'Hommel 71 (243) [or 373?], note = |Fusion FL-42, Glostex L-71. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 1.4 K2O 0.3 Na2O 0.1 CaO 67.8 PbO 2.4 Al2O3 28.1 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.4 K2O 0.3 Na2O 0.1 CaO 67.8 PbO 2.3 Al2O3 28.1 SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | 0.05 K2O 0.02 Na2O 0.93 PbO 0.07 Al2O3 1.43 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.047 K2O 0.017 Na2O 0.932 PbO 0.069 Al2O3 1.43 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.4 K2O 0.3 Na2O 0.1 CaO 67.8 PbO 2.3 Al2O3 28.1 SiO2 note = | 0.05 K2O 0.02 Na2O 0.01 CaO 0.93 PbO 0.07 Al2O3 1.44 SiO2 name = Frit 3417 date = 05/19/98 code = 3417 aka = Ferro frit 3417 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.5 CaO 30.5 PbO 12.6 B2O3 3.0 Al2O3 43.6 SiO2 2.4 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 3.90 annote = |Frit 3417 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, annote = | and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit 3417 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-63, O'Hommel 24 (235), Glostex G-24. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 1.8 K2O 1.6 Na2O 4.4 CaO 30.4 PbO 12.6 B2O3 note = | 3.1 Al2O3 43.1 SiO2 2.4 ZrO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.077 K2O 0.095 Na2O 0.306 CaO 0.522 PbO 0.691 B2O3 note = | 0.113 Al2O3 2.78 SiO2 0.075 ZrO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.5 CaO 30.5 PbO 12.6 B2O3 note = | 3.0 Al2O3 43.6 SiO2 2.4 ZrO2 note = | 0.08 K2O 0.09 Na2O 0.31 CaO 0.52 PbO 0.69 B2O3 note = | 0.11 Al2O3 2.78 SiO2 0.08 ZrO2 name = Frit 3419 date = 05/19/98 code = 3419 aka = Ferro frit 3419 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 6.4 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.5 B2O3 19.9 SiO2 density = 330.6 available = n costperlb = 4.70 annote = |Frit 3419 supplies SiO2, B2O3, PbO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3419 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit; extremely low melting point; no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1000F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-83, O'Hommel 33 (240), Glostex G-23. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 6.5 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.5 B2O3 19.8 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 6.4 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.5 B2O3 19.9 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.282 Na2O 0.718 PbO 0.564 B2O3 0.90 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 6.4 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.5 B2O3 19.9 SiO2 note = | 0.28 Na2O 0.72 PbO 0.57 B2O3 0.90 SiO2 name = Frit 3465 date = 05/19/98 code = 3465 aka = Ferro frit 3465 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 14.4 Na2O 6.5 CaO 6.4 PbO 20.2 B2O3 52.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3465 supplies SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, and PbO. haznote = |Frit 3465 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Sodium borosilicate frit; small amounts of lead and calcium; note = |no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1600F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-943, O'Hommel 18. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 14.7 Na2O 6.6 CaO 6.6 PbO 19.3 B2O3 52.8 SiO2 note = | Conrad: (lithium instead of calcium?? and too much) note = | 0.617 Na2O 0.617 Li2O 0.076 PbO 0.774 B2O3 2.32 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 14.4 Na2O 6.5 CaO 6.4 PbO 20.2 B2O3 52.5 SiO2 note = | 0.62 Na2O 0.31 CaO 0.08 PbO 0.77 B2O3 2.32 SiO2 name = Frit 3467 date = 05/19/98 code = 3467 aka = Ferro frit 3467 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.7 K2O 2.4 Na2O 8.0 CaO 0.6 MgO 17.2 PbO 4.5 B2O3 9.1 Al2O3 56.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3467 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, annote = | and MgO. haznote = |Frit 3467 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1700F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb2F-35, O'Hommel 365, Fusion FL-17. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 1.8 K2O 2.4 Na2O 8.5 CaO 0.7 MgO 17.4 PbO note = | 4.5 B2O3 9.0 Al2O3 55.7 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.7 K2O 2.4 Na2O 8.0 CaO 0.6 MgO 17.2 PbO note = | 4.5 B2O3 9.1 Al2O3 56.5 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.061 K2O 0.133 Na2O 0.490 CaO 0.051 MgO 0.265 PbO note = | 0.223 B2O3 0.307 Al2O3 3.23 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.7 K2O 2.4 Na2O 8.0 CaO 0.6 MgO 17.2 PbO note = | 4.5 B2O3 9.1 Al2O3 56.5 SiO2 note = | 0.06 K2O 0.13 Na2O 0.49 CaO 0.05 MgO 0.26 PbO note = | 0.22 B2O3 0.31 Al2O3 3.23 SiO2 name = Frit 3470 date = 05/19/98 code = 3470 aka = Ferro frit 3470 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 2.2 Na2O 5.6 CaO 9.0 ZnO 41.2 PbO 8.5 B2O3 5.8 Al2O3 27.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3470 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, ZnO, CaO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3470 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead zinc borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Similar frits: Fusion FZ-241. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | 0.084 Na2O 0.230 CaO 0.258 ZnO 0.428 PbO 0.283 B2O3 note = | 0.132 Al2O3 1.07 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 2.2 Na2O 5.6 CaO 9.0 ZnO 41.2 PbO 8.5 B2O3 note = | 5.8 Al2O3 27.7 SiO2 note = | 0.08 Na2O 0.23 CaO 0.26 ZnO 0.43 PbO 0.28 B2O3 note = | 0.13 Al2O3 1.07 SiO2 name = Frit 3481 date = 05/19/98 code = 3481 aka = Ferro frit 3481 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.2 K2O 3.1 Na2O 9.9 CaO 22.8 PbO 6.2 B2O3 7.0 Al2O3 49.9 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3481 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. haznote = |Frit 3481 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Calcium/lead borosilicate frit. note = | Similar frits: O'Hommel 403. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 1.4 K2O 3.1 Na2O 9.9 CaO 23.1 PbO 6.0 B2O3 note = | 7.1 Al2O3 49.4 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.038 K2O 0.148 Na2O 0.515 CaO 0.299 PbO 0.258 B2O3 note = | 0.201 Al2O3 2.43 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.2 K2O 3.1 Na2O 9.9 CaO 22.8 PbO 6.2 B2O3 note = | 7.0 Al2O3 49.9 SiO2 note = | 0.04 K2O 0.15 Na2O 0.52 CaO 0.30 PbO 0.26 B2O3 note = | 0.20 Al2O3 2.43 SiO2 name = Frit 3489 date = 05/19/98 code = 3489 aka = Ferro frit 3489 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 5.6 CaO 67.6 PbO 26.8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3489 supplies SiO2, PbO, and CaO. haznote = |Frit 3489 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead calcium silicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1500F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-716, Pb-742, O'Hommel 373. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 5.6 CaO 67.6 PbO 26.8 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.248 CaO 0.752 PbO 1.10 SiO2 note = | IMC: (silica amount probably wrong) note = | % 5.6 CaO 67.6 PbO 28.6 SiO2 note = | 0.25 CaO 0.75 PbO 1.18 SiO2 name = Frit 3493 date = 05/19/98 code = 3493 aka = Ferro frit 3493 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.6 CaO 31.3 PbO 12.9 B2O3 3.1 Al2O3 44.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 3.65 annote = |Frit 3493 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, K2O, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3493 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Zincless lead borosilicate frit suitable for c/06-04 glazes. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-742, O'Hommel 373, Fusion FL-28. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.6 CaO 31.3 PbO 12.9 B2O3 note = | 3.1 Al2O3 44.7 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.6 CaO 31.3 PbO 12.9 B2O3 note = | 3.1 Al2O3 44.7 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.077 K2O 0.095 Na2O 0.305 CaO 0.523 PbO 0.691 B2O3 note = | 0.113 Al2O3 2.77 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.9 K2O 1.5 Na2O 4.6 CaO 31.3 PbO 12.9 B2O3 note = | 3.1 Al2O3 44.7 SiO2 note = | 0.08 K2O 0.09 Na2O 0.31 CaO 0.53 PbO 0.70 B2O3 note = | 0.11 Al2O3 2.79 SiO2 name = Frit 3496 date = 05/19/98 code = 3496 aka = Ferro frit 3496 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.4 K2O 2.4 Na2O 4.2 CaO 33.1 PbO 4.3 B2O3 4.9 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 3.20 annote = |Frit 3496 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. haznote = |Frit 3496 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Zincless lead borosilicate frit suitable for c/04-2 glazes. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-742, O'Hommel 373, Fusion FL-28, FL-308(?). note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.4 K2O 2.4 Na2O 4.2 CaO 33.1 PbO 4.3 B2O3 note = | 4.9 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 note = | Conrad: note = | 0.053 K2O 0.138 Na2O 0.271 CaO 0.538 PbO 0.224 B2O3 note = | 0.174 Al2O3 3.00 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.4 K2O 2.4 Na2O 4.2 CaO 33.1 PbO 4.3 B2O3 note = | 4.9 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 note = | 0.05 K2O 0.14 Na2O 0.27 CaO 0.54 PbO 0.22 B2O3 note = | 0.17 Al2O3 2.99 SiO2 name = Frit 3565 date = 05/19/98 code = 3565 aka = Ferro frit 3565 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.0 K2O 1.6 Na2O 9.9 CaO 16.0 PbO 7.8 B2O3 5.6 Al2O3 54.0 SiO2 2.1 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3565 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, annote = | and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit 3565 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit suitable for c/01-5 glazes. Considered note = |a "safe lead frit." note = | Fusion at 1600F. note = | Similar frits: GF-18. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: (looks messed up) note = | 0.106 K2O 0.085 Na2O 0.575 CaO 0.234 PbO 0.367 CdO note = | 0.178 B2O3 2.93 Al2O3 0.005 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 3.0 K2O 1.6 Na2O 9.9 CaO 16.0 PbO 7.8 B2O3 note = | 5.6 Al2O3 54.0 SiO2 2.1 ZrO2 note = | 0.10 K2O 0.08 Na2O 0.58 CaO 0.23 PbO 0.37 B2O3 note = | 0.18 Al2O3 2.94 SiO2 0.06 ZrO2 name = Frit 3576 date = 05/19/98 code = 3576 aka = Ferro frit 3576 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.8 Na2O 4.8 CaO 33.0 PbO 13.7 B2O3 3.5 Al2O3 40.4 SiO2 0.8 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 2.80 annote = |Frit 3576 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit 3576 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit; no zinc; suitable for c/06-04 glazes. note = |Considered a "safe lead frit." note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: GF-18, Fusion Fl-51, Fl-28, Pemco Pb-742. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (analysis for GF-27?) note = | 0.21 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.50 PbO 0.66 B2O3 note = | 0.12 Al2O3 2.62 SiO2 0.03 ZrO2 note = | Conrad: (looks messed up, as with 3565) note = | 0.211 Na2O 0.288 CaO 0.501 PbO 0.667 CdO note = | 0.118 B2O3 2.28 Al2O3 0.022 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 3.8 Na2O 4.8 CaO 33.0 PbO 13.7 B2O3 note = | 3.5 Al2O3 40.4 SiO2 0.8 ZrO2 note = | 0.21 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.50 PbO 0.67 B2O3 note = | 0.12 Al2O3 2.28 SiO2 0.02 ZrO2 name = Frit 36.2.191 date = 05/18/98 code = 362191 aka = Harrison Mayer frit 36.2.191 akacode = aka = Frit 36.2.191 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 65.0 PbO 2.8 Al2O3 32.2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 36.2.191 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and PbO. haznote = |Frit 36.2.191 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead Bisilicate frit. note = | Manufactured by Harrison Mayer Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 65.0 PbO 2.8 Al2O3 32.2 SiO2 name = Frit 36.2.192 date = 05/18/98 code = 362192 aka = Harrison Mayer frit 36.2.192 akacode = aka = Frit 36.2.192 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 9.0 Na2O 1.2 K2O 15.0 CaO 7.5 Al2O3 18.3 B2O3 49.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 36.2.192 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Standard Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Harrison Mayer Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 9.0 Na2O 1.2 K2O 15.0 CaO 7.5 Al2O3 18.3 B2O3 49.0 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.34 Na2O 0.03 K2O 0.63 CaO 0.17 Al2O3 0.62 B2O3 1.92 SiO2 name = Frit 36.2.193 date = 05/18/98 code = 362193 aka = Harrison Mayer frit 36.2.193 akacode = aka = Frit 36.2.193 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 12.3 Na2O 2.0 K2O 6.4 CaO 10.9 ZnO 4.0 Al2O3 8.0 B2O3 56.1 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 36.2.193 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, ZnO, CaO, and K2O. note = | Alkaline Leadless frit. note = | Manufactured by Harrison Mayer Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 12.3 Na2O 2.0 K2O 6.4 CaO 10.9 ZnO note = | 4.0 Al2O3 8.0 B2O3 56.1 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.42 Na2O 0.05 K2O 0.24 CaO 0.29 ZnO note = | 0.08 Al2O3 0.25 B2O3 2.00 SiO2 name = Frit 36.2.194 date = 05/18/98 code = 362194 aka = Harrison Mayer frit 36.2.194 akacode = aka = Frit 36.2.194 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 7.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 5.2 ZnO 5.7 Al2O3 10.6 B2O3 54.4 SiO2 10.4 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 36.2.194 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, ZnO, K2O, annote = | and ZrO2. note = | Zircon Opaque Leadless frit. note = | Manufactured by Harrison Mayer Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (adds to 93.7%) note = | % 7.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 5.2 ZnO 5.7 Al2O3 note = | 10.6 B2O3 54.4 SiO2 10.4 ZrO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.64 Na2O 0.01 K2O 0.35 ZnO 0.31 Al2O3 note = | 0.84 B2O3 4.97 SiO2 0.46 ZrO2 name = Frit 36.2.195 date = 05/18/98 code = 362195 aka = Harrison Mayer frit 36.2.195 akacode = aka = Frit 36.2.195 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 5.2 Na2O 1.3 K2O 7.2 CaO 0.3 Li2O 18.0 PbO 6.7 Al2O3 10.2 B2O3 51.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 36.2.195 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, annote = | K2O, and Li2O. haznote = |Frit 36.2.195 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead Borosilicate frit. note = | Manufactured by Harrison Mayer Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.2 Na2O 1.3 K2O 7.2 CaO 0.3 Li2O 18.0 PbO note = | 6.7 Al2O3 10.2 B2O3 51.0 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.27 Na2O 0.04 K2O 0.41 CaO 0.03 Li2O 0.26 PbO note = | 0.21 Al2O3 0.47 B2O3 2.69 SiO2 name = Frit 3819 date = 05/19/98 code = 3819 aka = Ferro frit 3819 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.605 Na2O 0.335 K2O 0.014 CaO 0.047 ZnO 0.586 Al2O3 0.772 B2O3 2.219 SiO2 0.037 F2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3819 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, ZnO, and CaO. note = | Sodium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-25, O'Hommel 259, Fusion FZ-25. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: (Lead instead of zinc) note = | 0.690 Na2O 0.250 K2O 0.019 CaO 0.041 PbO 0.782 B2O3 note = | 0.404 Al2O3 2.61 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 13.0 Na2O 7.2 K2O 0.3 CaO 1.0 ZnO 16.6 B2O3 note = | 12.6 Al2O3 47.7 SiO2 1.6 F note = | 0.69 Na2O 0.25 K2O 0.02 CaO 0.04 ZnO 0.79 B2O3 note = | 0.41 Al2O3 2.61 SiO2 name = Frit 3831 date = 05/19/98 code = 3831 aka = Ferro frit 3831 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 4.6 Na2O 12.0 K2O 12.2 CaO 17.9 BaO 10.6 Al2O3 42.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit 3831 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, BaO, CaO, K2O, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit 3831 - contains barium note = | Barium/calcium/potassium/sodium silicate frit; no boron. note = | Fusion at 1700F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 4.6 Na2O 12.0 K2O 12.2 CaO 17.9 BaO 10.6 Al2O3 42.7 SiO2 note = | Conrad: (Lead instead of barium) note = | 0.139 Na2O 0.238 K2O 0.404 CaO 0.218 PbO note = | 0.194 Al2O3 1.32 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 4.6 Na2O 12.0 K2O 12.2 CaO 17.9 BaO 10.6 Al2O3 42.7 SiO2 note = | 0.14 Na2O 0.24 K2O 0.41 CaO 0.22 BaO 0.19 Al2O3 1.33 SiO2 name = Frit 5301 date = 05/19/98 code = 5301 aka = Ferro frit 5301 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.639 Na2O 0.251 K2O 0.11 CaO 0.553 Al2O3 0.571 B2O3 2.032 SiO2 0.205 F2 density = 204.2 available = y costperlb = 3.05 annote = |Frit 5301 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | Sodium borosilicate frit; high expansion. note = | Fusion at 1500F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco P-1084, Fusion F-102. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | % 5.1 K2O 19.2 Na2O 2.3 CaO 11.7 B2O3 note = | 11.3 Al2O3 41.8 SiO2 8.6 F note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.5 K2O 14.0 Na2O 2.4 CaO 12.5 B2O3 note = | 12.1 Al2O3 44.5 SiO2 9.0 F note = | Conrad: note = | 0.179 K2O 0.692 Na2O 0.129 CaO 0.548 B2O3 note = | 0.362 Al2O3 2.26 SiO2 1.115 F note = | IMC: note = | % 5.5 K2O 14.0 Na2O 2.4 CaO 12.5 B2O3 note = | 12.1 Al2O3 44.5 SiO2 9.0 F note = | 0.18 K2O 0.69 Na2O 0.13 CaO 0.55 B2O3 note = | 0.36 Al2O3 2.27 SiO2 name = Frit 71 Fusion date = 01/05/01 code = 71 aka = Frit 71 akacode = 71 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.7 Na2O 0.08 K2O 0.22 CaO 0.12 Al2O3 0.18 B2O3 2.06 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Frit CC-257-2 date = 05/19/98 code = CC257 aka = Ferro frit CC-257-2 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 0.79 K2O 1.0 Na2O 5.5 CaO 0.31 MgO 33.8 BaO 0.57 SrO 9.2 Al2O3 46.6 SiO2 2.2 TiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit CC-257-2 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, BaO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, annote = | SrO, MgO, and TiO2. haznote = |Frit 3831 - contains barium note = | Barium silicate frit with other fluxes. note = | Similar frits: Fusion F-403 (?). note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.79 K2O 1.0 Na2O 5.5 CaO 0.31 MgO 33.8 BaO 0.57 SrO note = | 9.2 Al2O3 46.6 SiO2 2.2 TiO2 note = | IMC: note = | (no analysis; lists as a "fritted source of strontium" (?)) name = Frit CC298-2 date = 02/23/2001 code = CC98-2 aka = Ferro Frit CC298-2 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 6.0 Na2O 3.5 K2O 21.0 CaO 3.5 MgO 28.0 B2O3 7.0 Al2O3 31.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit CC298-2 supplies B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, SiO2, annote = |and Al2O3. note = | Frit often discussed as a Gerstley Borate replacement. It note = |contains more alumina and silica than GB, so the amounts of note = |other materials in the glaze would need to be adjusted. note = | From Ferro: note = | "For every 2 parts Gerstley Borate, substitute 3 parts note = |CC298-2 and remove 1 part feldspathic material (feldpar/ note = |nepheline syenite). In other words, if there are currently note = |20 parts Gerstley Borate in the glaze formula, add 30 parts note = |CC298-2 and remove 10 parts feldspar from the formula. note = |Slight adjustments to the formula may be necessary due to note = |variation in body, firing cycle, or specific glaze note = |formulation." note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 6.0 Na2O 3.5 K2O 21.0 CaO 3.5 MgO 28.0 B2O3 note = | 7.0 Al2O3 31.0 SiO2 name = Frit F-15 Fusion date = 03/11/2007 code = 15 aka = F15 akacode = 15 aka = Frit F-15 akacode = 15 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.419 Na2O 0.581 K2O 0.613 Al2O3 3.71 B2O3 10.806 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Low expansion frit. This is often added to low and medium fire note = |glazes to solve crazing problems. It is more color forgiving that note = |Frit F-69. note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.42 note = |Melting Point (MP): 915C note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.42 note = |Melting Point (MP): 915C note = |Suppliers Fusion Ceramics Inc note = |Author: Tony Hansen note = |K2O 3.600 note = |Na2O 2.600 note = |B2O3 23.000 note = |Al2O3 3.800 note = |SiO2 67.000 name = Frit F-245 Fusion date = 03/11/2007 code = 245 aka = F245 akacode = 245 aka = Frit F-245 akacode = 245 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.709 Na2O 0.291 CaO 0.087 Al2O3 3.534 B2O3 5.087 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Chemistry note = |CaO 3.000 note = |Na2O 7.300 note = |B2O3 36.400 note = |Al2O3 0.900 note = |SiO2 52.400 note = | note = |Frit 3185 - Alternative note = |Frit GF-143 - Substitute note = |Frit 3226 - Substitute note = | note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.61 note = |Melting Point (MP): 845C note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.61 note = |Melting Point (MP): 845C note = |Supplier: Fusion Ceramics Inc note = |Author: Tony Hansen (Owner) name = Frit F-280 Fusion date = 04/30/2008 code = 280 aka = Fusion Frit F-280 akacode = 280 aka = Firt F-280 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.028 Na2O 0.321 K2O 0.651 CaO 0.39 Al2O3 0.688 B2O3 2.514 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = frit F-38 Fusion date = 07/04/2005 code = 38 aka = Frit F-38 akacode = 38 aka = F-38 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.208 Na2O 0.158 CaO 0.634 SrO 0.158 Al2O3 0.566 B2O3 2.004 SiO2 0.045 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Expansion 6.18. Melting point 1550 deg note = |Fusion Ceramics, Inc. note = |P.O. Box 127 note = |Carrollton, Ohio 44615 note = |Phone: 330-627-5821 or 330-627-2191 note = |Fax number: 330-627-2082 note = |E-mail: fusion@raex.com name = Frit F-496 Fusion date = 03/11/2007 code = 496 aka = f496 akacode = 496 aka = Frit F-496 akacode = 496 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.784 Na2O 0.216 K2O 0.216 Al2O3 2.162 B2O3 10.135 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Chemistry note = |Na2O 5.800 note = |K2O 1.600 note = |B2O3 16.000 note = |Al2O3 1.600 note = |SiO2 75.000 note = | note = |Links to Other Materials note = |Frit - Parent note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.66 note = |Melting Point (MP): 900C note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 4.66 note = |Melting Point (MP): 900C note = |Supplier: Fusion Ceramics Inc note = |Author: Tony Hansen (Owner) name = Frit F-524 Fusion date = 04/30/2008 code = 524 aka = Fusion Frit F-524 akacode = 524 aka = Frit F-524 akacode = 524 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.122 Na2O 0.099 K2O 0.468 CaO 0.264 SrO 0.047 BaO 0.335 Al2O3 0.62 B2O3 3.406 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Frit F-79 Fusion date = 03/11/2007 code = 79 aka = F79 akacode = 79 aka = Frit F-79 akacode = 79 type = frit mapto = formula = 0.348 Na2O 0.104 K2O 0.417 CaO 0.043 Li2O 0.087 SrO 0.783 Al2O3 2.304 B2O3 4.609 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |LOW EXPANSION FLUX FOR HIGH ALUMINA note = |Chemistry note = |CaO 4.800 note = |K2O 1.200 note = |Li2O 0.500 note = |Na2O 4.000 note = |SrO 1.000 note = |B2O3 26.500 note = |Al2O3 9.000 note = |SiO2 53.000 note = | note = |Notes: Sub: Pemco P-1701 note = |Melting Point (MP): 820C note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 5.72 note = |Melting Point (MP): 820C note = |Suppliers: Fusion Ceramics Inc note = |Author; Tony Hansen (Owner) name = Frit P-1733 date = 05/21/98 code = P1733 aka = Pemco frit P-1733 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 9.4 Na2O 4.2 CaO 15.5 ZnO 30.2 B2O3 40.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P-1733 supplies SiO2, B2O3, ZnO, Na2O, and CaO. note = | Sodium/zinc borosilicate frit; no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1450F. note = | Similar frits: Glostex GF-110, Fusion FZ-16. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 9.4 Na2O 4.2 CaO 15.5 ZnO 30.2 B2O3 40.7 SiO2 note = | 0.36 Na2O 0.18 CaO 0.46 ZnO 1.04 B2O3 1.62 SiO2 name = Frit P-1836 date = 04/11/2007 code = P1836 aka = P1836 akacode = aka = P-1836 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.123 Na2O 0.035 K2O 0.229 CaO 0.397 ZnO 0.216 BaO 0.229 Al2O3 0.1 B2O3 1.897 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = |Data note = |Melting Point (MP): 1600F note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 7.10 note = |Co-efficient of Linear Expansion: 7.10 note = |Melting Point (MP): 1600F note = |Suppliers: Pemco name = Frit P-1855 date = 04/11/2007 code = P1855 aka = P1855 akacode = aka = Pemco frit P-1855 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.091 Na2O 0.455 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.03 CaO 0.091 Li2O 0.303 ZnO 0.273 Al2O3 7.939 B2O3 21.091 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Frit P-25 date = 05/18/98 code = P25 aka = Pemco frit P-25 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.76 Na2O 0.184 K2O 0.029 CaO 0.028 ZnO 0.38 Al2O3 0.778 B2O3 2.651 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.10 annote = |Frit P-25 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and ZnO. note = | Sodium/potassium borosilicate frit; used for c/06-02. note = | Fusion at 1370F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3269, 3819, O'Hommel 25 (259), note = |Glostex GF-114, Fusion F-225 (FZ-25?). note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.4 K2O 14.7 Na2O 0.5 CaO 0.7 ZnO 16.9 B2O3 note = | 12.1 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 5.4 K2O 14.7 Na2O 0.5 CaO 0.7 ZnO 16.9 B2O3 note = | 12.1 Al2O3 49.7 SiO2 note = | 0.18 K2O 0.76 Na2O 0.03 CaO 0.03 ZnO 0.78 B2O3 note = | 0.38 Al2O3 2.65 SiO2 name = Frit P-283 date = 05/18/98 code = P283 aka = Pemco frit P-283 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 16.6 Na2O 0.3 CaO 0.7 MgO 5.9 Al2O3 76.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P-283 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, MgO, and CaO. note = | Sodium silicate frit; no boron. note = | Fusion at 1450F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3293. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 16.6 Na2O 0.3 CaO 0.7 MgO 5.9 Al2O3 76.5 SiO2 note = | 0.92 Na2O 0.02 CaO 0.06 MgO 0.20 Al2O3 4.38 SiO2 name = Frit P-926 Pemco date = 04/30/2008 code = 926 aka = Pemco Frit P-926 akacode = 926 aka = frit p926 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.309 Na2O 0.007 K2O 0.684 CaO 0.111 Al2O3 0.606 B2O3 1.895 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.92 name = Frit P-311 date = 05/18/98 code = P311 aka = Pemco frit P-311 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.288 Na2O 0.02 K2O 0.691 CaO 0.27 Al2O3 0.569 B2O3 2.485 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.05 annote = |Frit P-311 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1550F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3124, O'Hommel 90, General 378-A, note = |Fusion F-19, Glostex GF-113. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 0.7 K2O 6.5 Na2O 14.1 CaO 14.4 B2O3 10.0 Al2O3 54.3 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.7 K2O 6.5 Na2O 14.1 CaO 14.4 B2O3 10.0 Al2O3 54.3 SiO2 note = | 0.02 K2O 0.29 Na2O 0.69 CaO 0.57 B2O3 0.27 Al2O3 2.48 SiO2 name = Frit P-54 date = 05/18/98 code = P54 aka = Pemco frit P-54 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.32 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.638 B2O3 1.469 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.20 annote = |Frit P-54 supplies SiO2, B2O3, CaO, and Na2O. note = | Calcium borosilicate frit; no alumina. Low melting point. note = | Fusion at 1450F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3134, O'Hommel 14 (242), Glostex GF-111, note = |Fusion F-12. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.32 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.64 B2O3 1.47 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 10.4 Na2O 20.0 CaO 23.3 B2O3 46.3 SiO2 note = | 0.32 Na2O 0.68 CaO 0.64 B2O3 1.47 SiO2 name = Frit P-626 date = 05/18/98 code = P626 aka = Pemco frit P-626 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.336 Na2O 0.664 BaO 0.197 Al2O3 0.662 B2O3 3.043 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P-626 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit P-626 - contains barium note = | Barium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1600F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3289, Fusion F-65, Glostex GF-129. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.6 Na2O 27.4 BaO 12.4 B2O3 5.4 Al2O3 49.2 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 5.6 Na2O 27.4 BaO 12.4 B2O3 5.4 Al2O3 49.2 SiO2 note = | 0.34 Na2O 0.66 BaO 0.66 B2O3 0.20 Al2O3 3.04 SiO2 name = Frit P-64 date = 05/18/98 code = P64 aka = Pemco frit P-64 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 0.4 K2O 4.8 Na2O 8.9 CaO 8.1 BaO 15.3 ZnO 9.7 B2O3 1.0 Al2O3 39.8 SiO2 10.0 ZrO2 2.0 F density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P-64 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, ZnO, CaO, BaO, annote = | Na2O, K2O, and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit P-64 - contains barium note = | Borosilicate frit with mixed fluxes including barium and zinc; note = |also contains zirconium. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3240, O'Hommel 26 (69), TAM G-26, note = |Fusion FZ-30. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.4 K2O 4.8 Na2O 8.9 CaO 8.1 BaO 15.3 ZnO note = | 9.7 B2O3 1.0 Al2O3 39.8 SiO2 10.0 ZrO2 2.0 F note = | 0.01 K2O 0.16 Na2O 0.33 CaO 0.11 BaO 0.39 ZnO note = | 0.29 B2O3 0.02 Al2O3 1.38 SiO2 0.19 ZrO2 name = Frit P-830 date = 05/18/98 code = P830 aka = Pemco frit P-830 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 14.9 Na2O 7.2 CaO 21.6 B2O3 56.3 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P-830 supplies SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO. note = | Sodium/calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3278, O'Hommel K3, Fusion F-60. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 14.9 Na2O 7.2 CaO 21.6 B2O3 56.3 SiO2 note = | 0.65 Na2O 0.35 CaO 0.84 B2O3 2.54 SiO2 name = Frit P2241 date = 05/18/98 code = P2241 aka = Podmore frit P2241 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 64.9 PbO 2.6 Al2O3 32.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2241 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and PbO. haznote = |Frit P2241 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead Bisilicate frit. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 64.9 PbO 2.6 Al2O3 32.5 SiO2 name = Frit P2242 date = 05/18/98 code = P2242 aka = Podmore frit P2242 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 68.7 PbO 28.5 SiO2 2.9 TiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2242 supplies SiO2, PbO, and TiO2. haznote = |Frit P2242 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead Sesquisilicate frit. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 68.7 PbO 28.5 SiO2 2.9 TiO2 name = Frit P2244 date = 05/18/98 code = P2244 aka = Podmore frit P2244 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 27.10 CaO 4.78 Al2O3 50.60 B2O3 17.74 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2244 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, and CaO. note = | Calcium Borate frit. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 27.10 CaO 4.78 Al2O3 50.60 B2O3 17.74 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 1.00 CaO 0.10 Al2O3 1.50 B2O3 0.61 SiO2 name = Frit P2245 date = 05/18/98 code = P2245 aka = Podmore frit P2245 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 11.15 Na2O 8.66 K2O 0.03 MgO 8.86 CaO 9.00 Al2O3 13.60 B2O3 48.70 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2245 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, K2O, and MgO. note = | Borax frit. Formerly Frit J. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 11.15 Na2O 8.66 K2O 0.03 MgO 8.86 CaO note = | 9.00 Al2O3 13.60 B2O3 48.70 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.42 Na2O 0.21 K2O 0.37 CaO note = | 0.21 Al2O3 0.45 B2O3 1.89 SiO2 name = Frit P2246 date = 05/18/98 code = P2246 aka = Podmore frit P2246 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 8.66 Na2O 1.29 K2O 0.05 MgO 15.02 CaO 7.47 Al2O3 18.66 B2O3 48.90 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2246 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Borax frit. Formerly Frit E. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 8.66 Na2O 1.29 K2O 0.05 MgO 15.02 CaO note = | 7.47 Al2O3 18.66 B2O3 48.90 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.33 Na2O 0.03 K2O 0.63 CaO note = | 0.17 Al2O3 0.63 B2O3 1.88 SiO2 name = Frit P2247 date = 05/21/98 code = P2247 aka = Podmore frit P2247 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.60 Na2O 2.73 K2O 0.15 MgO 7.31 CaO 9.37 Al2O3 14.84 B2O3 62.00 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2247 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Borax frit. Formerly Frit H. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 3.60 Na2O 2.73 K2O 0.15 MgO 7.31 CaO note = | 9.37 Al2O3 14.84 B2O3 62.00 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.26 Na2O 0.13 K2O 0.01 MgO 0.59 CaO note = | 0.42 Al2O3 0.96 B2O3 4.70 SiO2 name = Frit P2248 date = 05/18/98 code = P2248 aka = Podmore frit P2248 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 6.0 Na2O 7.4 CaO 2.3 ZnO 4.5 Al2O3 14.7 B2O3 55.0 SiO2 9.7 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2248 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and MgO. note = | Zircon frit. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 6.0 Na2O 7.4 CaO 2.3 ZnO 4.5 Al2O3 note = | 14.7 B2O3 55.0 SiO2 9.7 ZrO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.39 Na2O 0.50 CaO 0.11 ZnO 0.17 Al2O3 note = | 0.82 B2O3 3.50 SiO2 0.30 ZrO2 name = Frit P2250 date = 05/18/98 code = P2250 aka = Podmore frit P2250 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.5 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.2 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 0.1 B2O3 1.5 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2250 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | High Alkali frit. Formerly Frit T. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 0.5 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.2 CaO 0.1 Al2O3 0.1 B2O3 1.5 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.50 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.20 CaO 0.10 Al2O3 0.10 B2O3 1.50 SiO2 name = Frit P2251 date = 05/18/98 code = P2251 aka = Podmore frit P2251 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.485 Na2O 0.057 K2O 0.458 CaO 0.425 Al2O3 1.16 B2O3 4.35 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2251 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Borax frit. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 0.485 Na2O 0.057 K2O 0.458 CaO 0.425 Al2O3 note = | 1.16 B2O3 4.35 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.49 Na2O 0.06 K2O 0.46 CaO 0.43 Al2O3 note = | 1.16 B2O3 4.35 SiO2 name = Frit P2252 date = 05/18/98 code = P2252 aka = Podmore frit P2252 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 5.44 Na2O 2.20 MgO 3.68 CaO 0.90 ZnO 6.70 Al2O3 15.35 B2O3 65.80 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit P2252 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, MgO, and ZnO. note = | Borax frit. Formerly Frit G. note = | Manufactured by Podmore & Sons Ltd. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 5.44 Na2O 2.20 MgO 3.68 CaO 0.90 ZnO 6.70 Al2O3 note = | 15.35 B2O3 65.80 SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.40 Na2O 0.25 MgO 0.30 CaO 0.05 ZnO 0.30 Al2O3 note = | 1.00 B2O3 5.00 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-1038 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb1038 aka = Pemco frit Pb-1038 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 0.3 K2O 2.7 Na2O 43.5 PbO 7.6 ZnO 5.0 B2O3 5.0 Al2O3 35.9 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-1038 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, ZnO, Na2O, and K2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-1038 - toxic - contains cadmium and lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Lead/zinc borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1350F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 0.3 K2O 2.7 Na2O 43.5 PbO 7.6 ZnO 5.0 B2O3 note = | 5.0 Al2O3 35.9 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.3 K2O 2.7 Na2O 43.5 PbO 7.6 ZnO 5.0 B2O3 note = | 5.0 Al2O3 35.9 SiO2 note = | 0.01 K2O 0.13 Na2O 0.58 PbO 0.28 ZnO 0.21 B2O3 note = | 0.15 Al2O3 1.78 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-1114 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb1114 aka = Pemco frit Pb-1114 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.4 K2O 1.9 Na2O 9.8 CaO 31.6 PbO 11.1 B2O3 3.5 Al2O3 40.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-1114 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-1114 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead/calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.4 K2O 1.9 Na2O 9.8 CaO 31.6 PbO 11.1 B2O3 note = | 3.5 Al2O3 40.7 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.4 K2O 1.9 Na2O 9.8 CaO 31.6 PbO 11.1 B2O3 note = | 3.5 Al2O3 40.7 SiO2 note = | 0.04 K2O 0.09 Na2O 0.48 CaO 0.39 PbO 0.44 B2O3 note = | 0.10 Al2O3 1.87 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-197 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb197 aka = Pemco frit Pb-197 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 2.4 K2O 4.0 Na2O 5.9 CaO 11.3 PbO 9.5 ZnO 6.5 B2O3 7.4 Al2O3 53.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-197 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, ZnO, CaO, annote = | Na2O, and K2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-197 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit with zinc. note = | Fusion at 1550F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3563, Fusion FZ-9. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 2.4 K2O 4.0 Na2O 5.9 CaO 11.3 PbO 9.5 ZnO note = | 6.5 B2O3 7.4 Al2O3 53.0 SiO2 note = | 0.07 K2O 0.18 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.14 PbO 0.32 ZnO note = | 0.26 B2O3 0.20 Al2O3 2.43 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-1V48 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb1V48 aka = Pemco frit Pb-1V48 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.5 K2O 9.5 Na2O 0.8 CaO 17.2 PbO 3.7 CdO 14.8 B2O3 3.1 Al2O3 47.0 SiO2 0.6 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-1V48 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CdO, CaO, annote = | Na2O, K2O, and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit Pb-1V48 - toxic - contains cadmium and lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Lead cadmium borosilicate frit for cadmium-selenium oranges and note = |reds at c/08-06. note = | Fusion at 1742F. note = | Similar frits: Fusion FL-31, Glostex GF-25. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: (adds to 98.2%) note = | % 1.5 K2O 9.5 Na2O 0.8 CaO 17.2 PbO 3.7 CdO note = | 14.8 B2O3 3.1 Al2O3 47.0 SiO2 0.6 ZrO2 note = | 0.06 K2O 0.53 Na2O 0.05 CaO 0.27 PbO 0.10 CdO note = | 0.74 B2O3 0.11 Al2O3 2.70 SiO2 0.02 ZrO2 name = Frit Pb-316 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb316 aka = Pemco frit Pb-316 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 61.3 PbO 7.0 Al2O3 31.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-316 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and PbO. haznote = |Frit Pb-316 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead silicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1450F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 61.3 PbO 7.0 Al2O3 31.7 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 61.3 PbO 7.0 Al2O3 31.7 SiO2 note = | 1.00 PbO 0.25 Al2O3 1.92 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-349 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb349 aka = Pemco frit Pb-349 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 2.7 K2O 1.8 Na2O 10.4 CaO 17.1 PbO 8.0 B2O3 6.2 Al2O3 53.8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-349 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, K2O, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-349 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead/calcium borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1620F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 2.7 K2O 1.8 Na2O 10.4 CaO 17.1 PbO note = | 8.0 B2O3 6.2 Al2O3 53.8 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 2.7 K2O 1.8 Na2O 10.4 CaO 17.1 PbO note = | 8.0 B2O3 6.2 Al2O3 53.8 SiO2 note = | 0.09 K2O 0.09 Na2O 0.58 CaO 0.24 PbO note = | 0.36 B2O3 0.19 Al2O3 2.80 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-41 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb41 aka = Pemco frit Pb-41 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 72.2 PbO 5.4 ZnO 9.0 B2O3 13.4 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-41 supplies SiO2, B2O3, PbO, and ZnO. haznote = |Frit Pb-41 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit with zinc. Discontinued? note = | Fusion at 950F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 72.2 PbO 5.4 ZnO 9.0 B2O3 13.4 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 72.2 PbO 5.4 ZnO 9.0 B2O3 13.4 SiO2 note = | 0.83 PbO 0.17 ZnO 0.33 B2O3 0.57 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-63 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb63 aka = Pemco frit Pb-63 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.6 Na2O 4.5 CaO 30.5 PbO 12.6 B2O3 3.4 Al2O3 43.0 SiO2 2.4 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-63 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit Pb-63 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3417, O'Hommel 24 (235), Glostex G-24. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 3.6 Na2O 4.5 CaO 30.5 PbO 12.6 B2O3 note = | 3.4 Al2O3 43.0 SiO2 2.4 ZrO2 note = | 0.21 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.50 PbO 0.66 B2O3 note = | 0.12 Al2O3 2.60 SiO2 0.07 ZrO2 name = Frit Pb-716 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb716 aka = Pemco frit Pb-716 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 5.6 CaO 67.6 PbO 26.8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-716 supplies SiO2, PbO, and CaO. haznote = |Frit Pb-716 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead calcium silicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1300F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3489. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: (silica amount probably wrong) note = | % 5.6 CaO 67.6 PbO 26.8 SiO2 note = | 0.25 CaO 0.75 PbO 1.11 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-723 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb723 aka = Pemco frit Pb-723 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.5 Na2O 71.2 PbO 2.4 Al2O3 24.9 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-723 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, PbO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-723 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | High lead zincless frit; very low melting temperature. note = | Fusion at 1100F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3403, O'Hommel 71 (243) [or 373?], note = |Fusion FL-42, Glostex L-71. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 1.5 Na2O 71.2 PbO 2.4 Al2O3 24.9 SiO2 note = | 0.07 Na2O 0.93 PbO 0.07 Al2O3 1.21 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-740 date = 05/21/98 code = Pb740 aka = Pemco frit Pb-740 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 1.2 Na2O 56.8 PbO 20.0 ZnO 2.0 Al2O3 20.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-740 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, PbO, ZnO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-740 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead/zinc silicate frit. note = | Fusion at 1600F. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 1.2 Na2O 56.8 PbO 20.0 ZnO 2.0 Al2O3 20.0 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.2 Na2O 56.8 PbO 20.0 ZnO 2.0 Al2O3 20.0 SiO2 note = | 0.04 Na2O 0.49 PbO 0.47 ZnO 0.04 Al2O3 0.64 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-742 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb742 aka = Pemco frit Pb-742 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 3.6 Na2O 4.5 CaO 31.0 PbO 13.0 B2O3 3.4 Al2O3 43.5 SiO2 1.0 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-742 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, PbO, CaO, Na2O, and ZrO2. haznote = |Frit Pb-742 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Zincless lead borosilicate frit suitable for c/06-04 glazes. note = | Fusion at 1400F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3493, 3576, O'Hommel 373, Fusion FL-28. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | % 3.6 Na2O 4.5 CaO 31.0 PbO 13.0 B2O3 note = | 3.4 Al2O3 43.5 SiO2 1.0 ZrO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 3.6 Na2O 4.5 CaO 31.0 PbO 13.0 B2O3 note = | 3.4 Al2O3 43.5 SiO2 1.0 ZrO2 note = | 0.21 Na2O 0.29 CaO 0.50 PbO 0.67 B2O3 note = | 0.12 Al2O3 2.61 SiO2 0.03 ZrO2 name = Frit Pb-83 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb83 aka = Pemco frit Pb-83 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 6.4 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.4 B2O3 20.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-83 supplies SiO2, B2O3, PbO, and Na2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-83 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Lead borosilicate frit; extremely low melting point; no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1xx0F. note = | Similar frits: Pemco Pb-83, O'Hommel 33 (240), Glostex G-23. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.28 Na2O 0.72 PbO 0.56 B2O3 0.90 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 6.4 Na2O 59.2 PbO 14.4 B2O3 20.0 SiO2 note = | 0.28 Na2O 0.72 PbO 0.56 B2O3 0.90 SiO2 name = Frit Pb-943 date = 05/19/98 code = Pb943 aka = Pemco frit Pb-943 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = % 5.3 K2O 9.0 Na2O 6.3 CaO 6.3 PbO 20.3 B2O3 52.7 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Frit Pb-943 supplies SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, PbO, and K2O. haznote = |Frit Pb-943 - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended note = | Sodium borosilicate frit; small amounts of lead and calcium; note = |no alumina. note = | Fusion at 1340F. note = | Similar frits: Ferro 3465, O'Hommel 18. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 5.3 K2O 9.0 Na2O 6.3 CaO 6.3 PbO 20.3 B2O3 52.7 SiO2 note = | 0.17 K2O 0.43 Na2O 0.33 CaO 0.08 PbO 0.85 B2O3 2.56 SiO2 name = Fuller's earth date = 05/26/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = 0.19 KNaO 0.39 MgO 0.42 CaO 1.35 Al2O3 7.75 SiO2 0.34 Fe2O3 4.72 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Fuller's earth supplies SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, KNaO, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Fuller's earth - dust hazard note = | Used in small quantities as a suspender. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.19 KNaO 0.39 MgO 0.42 CaO 1.35 Al2O3 7.75 SiO2 note = | 0.34 Fe2O3 4.72 H2O name = G-200 feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = g200 aka = akacode = g-200 aka = G-200 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.04 Na2O 10.75 K2O 0.81 CaO 18.5 Al2O3 66.3 SiO2 0.082 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI density = 210.0 available = y costperlb = 0.23 annote = |G-200 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Commonly used potash feldspar. In many cases can be substituted note = |for or by Custer. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corporation; comes from Monticello, note = |GA. Primarily feldspar, some free quartz and traces of iron and note = |magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 3.04 Na2O 10.75 K2O 0.81 CaO 18.5 Al2O3 note = | 66.3 SiO2 0.082 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI note = | Obstler: (Feldspar Corp. 1993) note = | % 3.01 Na2O 10.66 K2O 0.81 CaO 18.40 Al2O3 note = | 66.81 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 3.20 Na2O 10.36 K2O 0.98 CaO 19.28 Al2O3 note = | 65.76 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 0.31 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.30 Na2O 0.60 K2O 0.10 CaO 1.05 Al2O3 6.16 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.9 Na2O 10.3 K2O 1.0 CaO 18.3 Al2O3 note = | 67.2 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.04 Na2O 10.75 K2O 0.05 MgO 0.81 CaO 18.50 Al2O3 note = | 66.30 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI name = G-40 feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = g40 aka = akacode = g-40 aka = G-40 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.8 CaO 18.0 Al2O3 67.56 SiO2 0.076 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |G-40 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corporation. Used primarily in glasses note = |requiring high potassium level. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.8 CaO 18.0 Al2O3 note = | 67.56 SiO2 0.076 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI name = Galena date = 05/17/98 code = aka = Lead sulfide akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = PbS density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Galena supplies PbO. haznote = |Galena (lead sulfide) - toxic - contains lead - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended name = Gerstley borate date = 05/28/98 code = gb type = flux mapto = formula = 0.177 Na2O 0.823 CaO 0.886 B2O3 0.658 SiO2 density = 187.2 available = y costperlb = 0.74 annote = |Gerstley borate supplies B2O3, CaO, other fluxes, SiO2, annote = | and Al2O3. haznote = |Gerstley borate - toxic note = | Gerstley borate is a calcium borate ore containing the mineral note = |Ulexite ( 3CaO Na2O 5B2O3 16H2O ), along with accessory minerals note = |such as Bentonite, Colemanite, and Probertite. Gerstley borate note = |was formed in marshes and drying lake basins during the Miocene note = |(10 million years ago). note = | Gerstley borate is named after James Gerstley, former managing note = |director of Borax Consolidated Ltd. It is manufactured by U.S. note = |Borax and Chemical Corp.; the mine is located near Death Valley, note = |CA. note = | G.B. is an inexpensive source of B2O3 and CaO in glazes. It is note = |often used in place of colemanite. The primary differences are: note = |1) colemanite contains a higher concentration of B2O3, 2) G.B. note = |contains Na2O, which may affect the color and surface of some note = |glazes, and 3) the Bentonite component of G.B. - up to 18% - note = |significantly affects the properties of the raw glaze. (Some note = |other sources indicate that this is not bentonite, but rather note = |shale. GB glazes do tend to gel in either case.) note = | Other points from IMC: 1) GB is slightly soluble and tends to note = |gel the glaze, necessitating excessive water and resulting in note = |greater shrinkage of the raw glaze, which leads to crawling and note = |other problems, especially when there is also a lot of clay in note = |the glaze. Epsom salts (4g per 100g GB) can help. 2) The note = |chemical and physical properties of the material (composition, note = |mesh size, etc.) change over time. 3) GB can contain gypsum and note = |lead to lime popping. note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (web site, 2001) note = | % 4.5 Na2O 0.25 K2O 3.5 MgO 22.0 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 29 B2O3 0.2 Fe2O3 10.0 SiO2 29.0 LOI note = | Obstler: (Hammill & Gillespie)(also includes 6.2 LOD whatever note = |that is) note = | % 3.6-5.3 Na2O 2.9 MgO 17.1-20.6 CaO 1.3 Al2O3 note = | 25-28.9 B2O3 0.35 Fe2O3 10.6 SO2 30.5 LOI note = | Hopper: note = | 2 CaO Na2O 3 B2O3 7 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | CaO B2O3 5 H2O note = | IMC: note = | % 9.31 Na2O 16.85 CaO 52.25 B2O3 21.59 LOI note = |ClayArt from Axner: note = |This product is composed of a mixture of the minerals Colemanite note = |and Ulexite. This material contains approximately note = |28.0% Boric Oxide (B2O3), 5.3% Sodium Oxide (Na2O), note = |20.6 Calcium oxide (CaO) and 25% water of crystallization. name = Gillespie borate date = 02/08/2007 code = gilb type = flux mapto = formula = % 3.77 Na2O .01 K2O 3.9 MgO 23 CaO 0.45 SrO 1.7 Al2O3 24.5 B2O3 11.8 SiO2 30.87 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.43 note = |A blended borate mineral for use in glaze formulas replacing note = |Gerstley Borate on a pound for pound basis. Virtually identical note = |to Gerstley Borate, this product requires no adjustment to note = |formula and no extra additives are needed. Mineral Match -- GB note = |provides the same minerals to the glaze as Gerstley Borate, thus note = |imparting the same glaze activity, texture and effects. Particle note = |Size Match -- As a -200 mesh material, GB combines well with note = |other glaze raw materials. Plasticity Match -- A high colloid and note = |clay content gives the plasticity necessary for many note = |applications. Reduced Glaze Defects -- Our laboratory studies note = |indicate that GB gives increased glaze surface smoothness and a note = |reduction in crawling and pinhole defects. Lower In Off-Color note = |Impurities -- As a refined blended material, GB contains few note = |impurities and produces brighter glazes and colors. note = |http://www.hamgil.com/html/gillespieborate.html name = Glass date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Container glass akacode = aka = Glass cullet akacode = aka = Cullet akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = % 13.68 Na2O 0.09 K2O 3.28 MgO 10.12 CaO 1.14 Al2O3 71.47 SiO2 0.23 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Glass supplies SiO2 and various fluxes. note = | Miscellaneous glass. Glass can have a wide range of compositions, note = |but the basic idea is high flux, high silica, low alumina. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew ("Pioneer Pottery"): (Container glass - from Norton, 157) note = | % 15.6 Na2O 4.2 MgO 5.6 CaO 0.3 BaO 1.8 Al2O3 72.1 SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | 0.5 Na2O 0.5 CaO SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 13.68 Na2O 0.09 K2O 3.28 MgO 10.12 CaO 1.14 Al2O3 note = | 71.47 SiO2 0.23 Fe2O3 name = Glomax date = 05/25/98 code = Glo type = clay mapto = formula = 0.248 Na2O 0.089 K2O 0.228 MgO 0.05 CaO 44.065 Al2O3 53.394 SiO2 1.489 TiO2 0.437 Fe2O3 density = 117.2 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Calcined china clay supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Calcined china clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic formula, could be mapped to a particular calcined note = |kaolin.] note = | Calcined form of kaolin, used in place of regular kaolin to note = |reduce the shrinkage of a glaze or slip due to clay content. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.31 Na2O 0.39 K2O 44.40 Al2O3 note = | 53.08 SiO2 0.95 TiO2 0.40 Fe2O3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | Cushing: (Glomax Calcined Kaolin) note = | % 0.25 Na2O 0.09 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.05 CaO 44.4 Al2O3 note = | 53.8 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 name = Godfrey feldspar date = 05/26/98 code = godf type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 5.54 Na2O 2.86 CaO 17.07 Al2O3 74.31 SiO2 1.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Godfrey feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, and CaO. haznote = |Godfrey feldspar - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: (strangely, no K2O) note = | % 5.54 Na2O 2.86 CaO 17.07 Al2O3 74.31 SiO2 1.50 LOI name = Gold chloride date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = AuCl3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Gold chloride supplies Au2O3. haznote = |Gold chloride - toxic note = | Occasionally used in pink/purple glazes. Limited temperature note = |range, very expensive. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | AuCl3 note = | Chappell: note = | AuCl3 note = | Parmelee: note = | AuCl3 name = GoldArt date = 06/03/98 code = gold aka = Gold Art akacode = aka = GoldArt akacode = aka = Cedar Heights Goldart akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.17 Na2O 1.00 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.09 CaO 28.53 Al2O3 57.46 SiO2 1.99 TiO2 1.25 Fe2O3 9.28 LOI density = 212.0 available = y costperlb = 0.18 annote = |GoldArt supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |GoldArt - dust hazard note = | A plastic Ohio fire clay / stoneware clay. Formed by note = |metamorphosis of an ancient swamp. note = | Manufactured by Cedar Heights Clay; comes from Oak Hill, OH. note = | Can substitute for Jordan. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.16 Na2O 1.87 K2O 0.42 MgO 0.22 CaO 27.3 Al2O3 note = | 56.72 SiO2 1.75 TiO2 1.42 Fe2O3 10.03 LOI 0.12 S note = | Coope & Royle: (Appendix 8)(they call it A.F. Goldhart 200 m) note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.88 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.08 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 note = | 57.32 SiO2 1.98 TiO2 1.23 Fe2O3 9.39 LOI 0.24 S note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.88 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.08 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 note = | 57.3 SiO2 1.98 TiO2 1.23 Fe2O3 9.39 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 1.2 KNaO 0.22 MgO 0.08 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 note = | 57.3 SiO2 1.9 TiO2 1.2 Fe2O3 9.4 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.1 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 note = | 57.3 SiO2 2.0 TiO2 1.2 Fe2O3 9.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.17 Na2O 1.00 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.09 CaO 28.53 Al2O3 note = | 57.46 SiO2 1.99 TiO2 1.25 Fe2O3 9.28 LOI name = Granite date = 06/03/98 code = gran type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.48 Na2O 4.11 K2O 1.99 CaO 13.49 Al2O3 70.18 SiO2 1.57 Fe2O3 1.78 FeO 0.84 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Granite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | A common igneous rock, composed of silica, feldspar, and small note = |amounts of iron-bearing minerals. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Average granite - Bates 1969) note = | % 3.48 Na2O 4.11 K2O 1.99 CaO 13.49 Al2O3 70.18 SiO2 note = | 1.57 Fe2O3 1.78 FeO 0.84 LOI note = | Grebanier: (powder - Barre, VT) note = | 0.5023 Na2O 0.2835 K2O 0.214 CaO 0.9016 Al2O3 note = | 6.9904 SiO2 0.749 Fe2O3 note = | Tichane (AG, TCB): (average granite) note = | % 3.0 Na2O 5.0 K2O 0.2 MgO 1.0 CaO 13.0 Al2O3 note = | 74.O SiO2 0.3 TiO2 3.0 Fe2O3 0.2 P2O5 note = | Tichane (AG, TCB): (Earth's crust) note = | % 3.3 Na2O 3.0 K2O 3.7 MgO 4.9 CaO 14.9 Al2O3 note = | 59.8 SiO2 0.8 TiO2 6.1 Fe2O3 0.3 P2O5 note = | Tichane (CB): (Earth's crust) note = | % 3 Na2O 3 K2O 4 MgO 5 CaO 15 Al2O3 note = | 60 SiO2 0.8 TiO2 6 Fe2O3 note = | Tichane (CB): (Granite) note = | % 3 Na2O 5 K2O 0.2 MgO 1 CaO 13 Al2O3 note = | 74 SiO2 0.3 TiO2 3 Fe2O3 name = Granular ilmenite date = 05/31/98 code = grilm type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO TiO2 density = 598.2 available = y costperlb = 2.00 annote = |Granular ilmenite supplies Fe2O3 and TiO2. note = | A natural source of titanium and iron. Granular ilmenite is note = |sometimes used in small amounts (<1%) to color/speckle clay note = |bodies. name = Granular manganese date = 06/06/98 code = grmn aka = Pyrolusite akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = MnO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.05 annote = |Granular manganese supplies MnO. haznote = |Granular manganese - toxic note = | Granular manganese is used to produce dark specks in clays. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | (implies same as MnO2) name = Granular rutile date = 05/31/98 code = grrut type = colorant mapto = formula = % 90 TiO2 10 Fe2O3 density = 554.6 available = y costperlb = 1.40 annote = |Granular rutile supplies TiO2 and Fe2O3. note = | Rutile sand; used for specks in glazes. name = Green chrome oxide date = 06/13/96 code = grcr type = colorant mapto = Chromium oxide formula = Cr2O3 density = 205.4 available = y costperlb = 5.90 annote = |Green chrome oxide provides Cr2O3. Used as a colorant. haznote = |Green chrome oxide - very poisonous - irritant note = |Used to obtain greens, and pink/red with tin. name = Green nickel oxide date = 06/04/98 code = gno aka = Nickelous oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = NiO density = 466.4 available = y costperlb = 19.70 annote = |Green nickel oxide supplies NiO. haznote = |Green nickel oxide - toxic note = | Colorant used to produce blue, gray, green, brown, and yellow. note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | NiO note = | Cushing: note = | NiO note = | Memmott: note = | NiO note = | Parmelee: note = | NiO note = | IMC: note = | NiO name = Grog date = 06/04/98 code = gr type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.20 annote = |Grog is a coarse material that supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Grog - dust hazard note = |Generic grog. name = Grog, fine date = 08/14/99 code = grog f type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Grog, med date = 03/08/00 code = grm type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Grolleg date = 06/03/98 code = grol aka = English china clay akacode = ecc aka = English kaolin akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.1 Na2O 1.897 K2O 0.1 CaO 0.3 MgO 36.948 Al2O3 47.933 SiO2 0.03 TiO2 0.699 Fe2O3 11.993 LOI density = 117.2 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Grolleg (English china clay) supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Grolleg (English china clay) - dust hazard note = | A primary (residual) kaolin formed by the action of note = |hydrothermal vapors on soda feldspar in granites and pegmatites. note = |81% kaolinite, 15% mica, 4% feldspar and other minerals. note = | Manufactured by ECC International; comes from southwest England. note = | Plastic and white-firing, low shrinkage, excellent hardness. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (ECC International, 1987) note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.95 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.06 CaO 37.0 Al2O3 note = | 48.0 SiO2 0.02 TiO2 0.75 Fe2O3 12.2 H2O note = | Green: note = | 0.01 Na2O 0.06 K2O 0.02 MgO 0.01 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 2.2 SiO2 0.01 Fe2O3 1.82 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.012 - China Clay No. 1) note = | % 1.81 KNaO 36.94 Al2O3 47.06 SiO2 note = | 0.23 TiO2 1.09 Fe2O3 12.1 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.013 - China Clay No. 2) note = | % 2.18 KNaO 36.90 Al2O3 48.30 SiO2 note = | 0.04 TiO2 0.68 Fe2O3 11.64 LOI note = | Rhodes: (China clay) note = | Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O note = | Cuff: (China clay) note = | Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O note = | Chappell: (English kaolin) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 1.8 K2O 0.28 MgO 0.03 CaO 37.29 Al2O3 note = | 47.25 SiO2 0.05 TiO2 0.85 Fe2O3 12.20 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 1.92 KNaO 0.25 MgO 0.10 CaO 37.7 Al2O3 note = | 47.7 SiO2 0.03 TiO2 0.60 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI note = | Parmelee: (China clay) note = | Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O note = | Tichane (TCB): (English kaolin) note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.9 K2O 0.1 CaO 0.1 MgO 37.3 Al2O3 note = | 47.9 SiO2 0.05 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 12.2 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (English kaolin) note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.4 K2O 0.2 CaO 37.6 Al2O3 note = | 47.2 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (Grolleg) note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.8 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.1 CaO 37.2 Al2O3 note = | 47.7 SiO2 0.3 TiO2 0.6 Fe2O3 12.1 LOI note = | IMC: (English kaolin) note = | % 0.05 Na2O 1.80 K2O 0.02 CaO 0.28 MgO 37.38 Al2O3 note = | 47.44 SiO2 0.06 TiO2 0.82 Fe2O3 12.16 LOI note = | IMC: (Grolleg kaolin) note = | % 0.10 Na2O 1.90 K2O 0.10 CaO 0.30 MgO 37.00 Al2O3 note = | 48.00 SiO2 0.03 TiO2 0.70 Fe2O3 12.01 LOI name = Gum arabic date = 02/23/2001 code = type = miscellaneous mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 17.00 note = |Gum material used as a binder and suspender in glazes. name = Gypsum date = 06/05/98 code = aka = Alabaster akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO SO3 2 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Gypsum provides CaO. note = | Gypsum is a mineral form of calcium sulfate. On heating to note = |about 120-200C, gypsum loses 75% of its water and becomes note = |Plaster of Paris; beyond 500C, all the water is lost and it note = |becomes the mineral Anhydrite. note = | Analyses: note = | Klein & Hurlbut: note = | CaSO4 2 H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | CaSO4 2 H2O note = | Hamer: note = | CaSO4 2 H2O name = Hamilton kaolin date = 06/06/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.08 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.15 CaO 37.9 Al2O3 45.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Hamilton kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Hamilton kaolin - dust hazard note = | Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.15 CaO 37.9 Al2O3 note = | 45.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI name = Hawthorne Bond date = 05/25/98 code = hawth aka = Hawthorne Bond clay akacode = aka = Hawthorn Bond akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.16 Na2O 0.94 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.02 CaO 33.8 Al2O3 48.4 SiO2 1.00 TiO2 1.90 Fe2O3 12.9 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.20 annote = |Hawthorne Bond supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Hawthorne Bond - dust hazard note = | A Missouri fire clay - a secondary deposit of clay and sediment note = |in deep fresh water. note = | Manufactured by Christy Minerals; comes from Missouri. note = | Good plasticity, light color. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (adds to 112.8%, probably LOI was extra) note = | % 0.03 Na2O 1.48 K2O 0.85 MgO 0.15 CaO 39.11 Al2O3 note = | 55.1 SiO2 2.08 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 13.0 LOI note = | Chappell: (Hawthorn) note = | % 0.16 Na2O 0.94 K2O 0.23 MgO 0.02 CaO 33.8 Al2O3 note = | 48.4 SiO2 1.00 TiO2 1.90 Fe2O3 12.9 LOI note = | Cushing: (Hawthorn Bond)(no LOI listed) note = | % 0.24 Na2O 1.24 K2O 0.85 MgO 0.15 CaO 39.11 Al2O3 note = | 55.1 SiO2 2.08 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 0.09 P2O5 0.03 SO3 note = | IMC: (Hawthorne Bond)(no LOI listed) note = | % 0.24 Na2O 1.24 K2O 0.85 MgO 0.15 CaO 39.11 Al2O3 note = | 55.1 SiO2 2.08 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 0.90 P2O5 name = Hazel ash date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 10 Na2O 35 K2O 15 MgO 26 CaO 10 SiO2 4 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Hazel ash supplies several oxides, especially K2O and CaO. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 10 Na2O 35 K2O 15 MgO 26 CaO note = | 10 SiO2 4 P2O5 name = Helmar kaolin date = 06/03/98 code = helm aka = Helmar akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.08 Na2O 0.53 K2O 0.26 MgO 0.48 CaO 35.4 Al2O3 45.2 SiO2 1.13 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 13.90 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Helmar kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Helmar kaolin - dust hazard note = | Good flashing slip in salt/soda. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (adds to 86% - no LOI) note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.53 K2O 0.26 MgO 0.48 CaO 35.4 Al2O3 note = | 46.7 SiO2 1.13 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.53 K2O 0.26 MgO 0.48 CaO 35.4 Al2O3 note = | 45.2 SiO2 1.13 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 13.90 LOI note = | IMC: (Helmer kaolin - "mined in Idaho") note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.53 K2O 0.26 MgO 0.48 CaO 36.0 Al2O3 note = | 46.0 SiO2 1.13 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 13.22 LOI note = |ALS Chemex, 994 Glendale Ave., Unit 3 Sparks , NV 89431 USA Cost= $20.00 for lab fee plus $25.00 per sample. I sent them four samples of Helmer selected at random and the results are below: note = |SiO2=47.19 Al2O3=32.24 BaO=0.04 CaO=0.16 note = |Cr2O3=<0.01 Fe2O3=1.19 K2O=0.40 MgO=0.13 MnO=0.03 note = |Na2O=0.01 P2O5=0.04 SrO=<0.01 TiO2=1.40 note = |LOI=14.93 total=99.76 name = Ilmenite date = 06/09/98 code = ilm type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO TiO2 density = 429.8 available = y costperlb = 2.00 annote = |Ilmenite supplies Fe2O3 and TiO2. note = | A natural source of titanium and iron, available in either note = |powdered or granular form. Powdered ilmenite may be used as a note = |colorant in glazes, and to seed crystals in titania glazes. note = |Granular ilmenite is sometimes used in small amounts (<1%) to note = |color/speckle clay bodies. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | FeO TiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | FeO TiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | Fe2O3 TiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | FeO TiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 49.41 TiO2 50.59 FeO name = Imacco 800 date = 03/23/98 code = i800 type = clay mapto = formula = % 49.65 SiO2 31.53 Al2O3 0.51 K2O 0.51 Na2O 0.50 MgO 0.04 CaO 6.44 Fe2O3 10.81 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Imacco 800 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Imacco 800 - dust hazard note = | High-iron clay from Industrial Minerals. Mentioned in Jim note = |Robinson's Shino article in Studio Potter (Dec. 1992). name = Imco Borate date = 02/23/2001 code = type = flux mapto = formula = % 3.4 Na2O 1.5 K2O 25.7 CaO 3.4 MgO 32.2 B2O3 7.6 Al2O3 25.8 SiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 19.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Imco borate supplies B2O3, CaO, other fluxes, SiO2, annote = |and Al2O3. note = | Gerstley Borate replacement. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 3.4 Na2O 1.5 K2O 25.7 CaO 3.4 MgO 32.2 B2O3 note = | 7.6 Al2O3 25.8 SiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 19.0 LOI name = Iron carbonate date = 06/04/98 code = aka = Ferrous carbonate akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO CO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Iron carbonate supplies Fe2O3. note = | Occurs naturally as the mineral Siderite (Chalybite). note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | FeCO3 name = Iron chloride date = 06/04/98 code = aka = Ferric chloride akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeCl3 6 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Iron chloride supplies Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | FeCl3 6 H2O name = Iron chromate date = 05/31/98 code = fecr aka = Iron chromite akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeCrO4 density = 407.8 available = y costperlb = 1.40 annote = |Iron chromate supplies Fe2O3 and Cr2O3. haznote = |Iron chromate - toxic note = | An iron-chromium compound, prepared from chromium iron ore note = |(FeCr2O4). Used to color glazes gray, brown, or black (but can note = |also be used to produce greens and pinks). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | FeCrO4 note = | Rhodes: note = | FeCrO4 note = | Chappell: note = | FeCrO4 note = | Cushing: note = | FeCrO4 note = | Hamer: note = | FeCrO3 note = | IMC: (formulas contradict one another) note = | % 51.28 Fe2O3 48.72 Cr2O3 note = | Fe2O3 Cr2O3 note = | FeCrO4 name = Iron oxide date = 05/31/98 code = iron type = colorant mapto = Red iron oxide formula = Fe2O3 density = 209.6 available = y costperlb = 0.95 annote = |Iron oxide supplies Fe2O3. note = | Generic iron oxide listed in some glazes. Map to a specific type. name = Iron spangles date = 05/31/98 code = spang aka = Iron scale akacode = aka = Magnetite akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Fe3O4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Iron spangles supplies Fe2O3. note = | Concentrated, large-grained source of iron, used to produce note = |iron specks in clays and glazes. Created by hammering hot iron. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Fe3O4 note = | Memmott: note = | Fe3O4 note = | Hamer: note = | Fe3O4 note = | IMC: note = | % 66.17 Fe2O3 33.83 FeO name = Iron sulfate date = 05/31/98 code = aka = Green vitriol akacode = aka = Copperas akacode = aka = Ferrous sulfate akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = FeO SO3 7H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.00 annote = |Iron sulfate supplies Fe2O3. haznote = |Iron sulfate - toxic note = | Soluble source of iron. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | FeSO4 7H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | FeSO4 7H2O (Ferrous sulfate) note = | Fe2(SO4)3 (Ferric sulfate) name = Jackson ball clay date = 06/04/98 code = jack type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.10 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.40 CaO 29.50 Al2O3 54.90 SiO2 1.70 TiO2 1.00 Fe2O3 11.80 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.19 annote = |Jackson ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Jackson ball clay - dust hazard note = | Fine-grained, plastic ball clay; high in alumina. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 note = | 54.4 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 11.9 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.10 Na2O 0.30 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.40 CaO 29.50 Al2O3 note = | 54.90 SiO2 1.70 TiO2 1.00 Fe2O3 11.80 LOI name = Jordan clay date = 05/25/98 code = jord aka = Jordan fireclay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.20 Na2O 1.99 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.20 CaO 20.18 Al2O3 67.23 SiO2 1.20 TiO2 1.71 Fe2O3 6.78 LOI density = 178.2 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Jordan clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Jordan clay - dust hazard note = | Stoneware/fire clay from Poplar, MD; no longer available. (The note = |land was sold to real estate developers; you may be able to buy note = |a house there...) note = | Substitute Goldart [Cushing]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 2.21 K2O 0.61 MgO 0.05 CaO 19.68 Al2O3 note = | 68.07 SiO2 1.11 TiO2 1.90 Fe2O3 6.19 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.23 Na2O 2.0 K2O 0.52 MgO 0.16 CaO 20.23 Al2O3 note = | 61.19 SiO2 1.18 TiO2 1.73 Fe2O3 6.89 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 2.0 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.2 CaO 20.2 Al2O3 note = | 67.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.7 Fe2O3 6.9 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.20 Na2O 1.99 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.20 CaO 20.18 Al2O3 note = | 67.23 SiO2 1.20 TiO2 1.71 Fe2O3 6.78 LOI name = K&T Special date = 06/04/98 code = aka = K&T Special ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.20 Na2O 0.90 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.30 CaO 27.40 Al2O3 53.30 SiO2 1.50 TiO2 1.10 Fe2O3 14.80 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |K&T Special supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |K&T Special - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 0.20 Na2O 0.90 K2O 0.50 MgO 0.30 CaO 27.40 Al2O3 note = | 53.30 SiO2 1.50 TiO2 1.10 Fe2O3 14.80 LOI name = K-200 feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = k200 aka = akacode = k-200 aka = K-200 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.36 Na2O 10.13 K2O 0.18 CaO 17.84 Al2O3 67.99 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.31 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |K-200 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Commonly used potash feldspar; very high potassium. note = | Manufactured by KMG Minerals; comes from Kings Mountain, NC. note = |Primarily feldspar, some free quartz and traces of iron and note = |magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (KMG Minerals 1989) note = | % 3.60 Na2O 10.10 K2O 0.14 CaO 18.00 Al2O3 note = | 67.70 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 1.50 Na2O 13.00 K2O 0.20 CaO 18.30 Al2O3 note = | 66.00 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.26 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.12 Na2O 0.88 K2O 1.13 Al2O3 6.94 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 1.5 Na2O 13.0 K2O 0.2 CaO 18.3 Al2O3 note = | 66.8 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.36 Na2O 10.13 K2O 0.18 CaO 17.84 Al2O3 note = | 67.99 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.31 LOI name = Kaolin date = 05/25/98 code = kaol type = clay mapto = EPK formula = % 0.059 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.098 MgO 0.18 CaO 37.36 Al2O3 45.73 SiO2 0.37 TiO2 0.79 Fe2O3 0.236 P2O5 13.91 LOI density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Kaolin supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Kaolin - dust hazard note = | [Generic kaolin; theoretical formula Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O. Map to a note = |particular kind of kaolin, or use theoretical formula.] note = | Kaolins are clay minerals, formed by the decomposition of note = |feldspathic rocks. Primary kaolins are found at or near the note = |location of the parent rock; secondary kaolins have been note = |transported by water and deposited elsewhere. Kaolins are fairly note = |pure, and have a relatively large grain size and low plasticity note = |relative to some other types of clay (especially ball clays). note = | Kaolin is used in glazes to provide alumina and silica and to note = |help suspend the non-clay particles. note = | Analyses: note = | Cuff: (syn. China Clay) note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O note = | Memmott: (syn. China Clay) note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 2 H2O note = | Tichane (TCB): (N. Carolina kaolin) note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 37.5 Al2O3 note = | 46.1 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 14.1 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 40.21 Al2O3 47.29 SiO2 12.50 LOI name = Kaolin - theoretical date = 05/25/98 code = aka = Kaolinite akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kaolin supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Kaolin - dust hazard note = | Theoretical pure kaolinite. name = kaolin Diamond date = 06/03/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.08 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.15 CaO 37.90 Al2O3 45.60 SiO2 1.40 TiO2 0.70 Fe2O3 13.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Diamond kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Diamond kaolin - dust hazard note = | A secondary kaolin with intermediate particle size distribution. note = | Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (adds to 86% - forgot LOI) note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.15 CaO 37.9 Al2O3 note = | 45.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.15 CaO 37.90 Al2O3 note = | 45.60 SiO2 1.40 TiO2 0.70 Fe2O3 13.50 LOI name = kaolin Georgia date = 05/25/98 code = gakaol type = clay mapto = Pioneer kaolin formula = % 0.04 Na2O 0.14 K2O 0.14 MgO 0.24 CaO 38.51 Al2O3 45.68 SiO2 1.43 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 13.52 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.21 annote = |Georgia Kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Georgia Kaolin - dust hazard note = | [Kaolin from Georgia; map to #6 Tile or Pioneer, or use a generic note = |formula (below). Typical density 94.6 g/c] note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.02 Na2O 0.04 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.26 CaO note = | 38.02 Al2O3 45.20 SiO2 1.95 TiO2 note = | 0.49 Fe2O3 13.51 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.1 CaO 38.9 Al2O3 note = | 49.9 SiO2 1.3 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 14.21 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 0.3 CaO 0.3 MgO 38.0 Al2O3 note = | 45.2 SiO2 1.95 TiO2 0.49 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI name = Kaopaque date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Kaopaque kaolin akacode = aka = Kaopaque 20 kaolin akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.03 Na2O 0.08 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.21 CaO 39.30 Al2O3 45.20 SiO2 0.66 TiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 12.00 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.48 annote = |Kaopaque supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kaopaque - dust hazard note = | Very white, non-plastic kaolin from Georgia, used in porcelain note = |casting slips. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (adds to 88%) note = | % 0.03 Na2O 0.08 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.21 CaO 39.3 Al2O3 note = | 45.2 SiO2 0.66 TiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 2.0 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.03 Na2O 0.08 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.21 CaO 39.30 Al2O3 note = | 45.20 SiO2 0.66 TiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 12.00 LOI name = Kentucky #1 date = 06/04/98 code = ky1 aka = Kentucky #1 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.4 Na2O 0.8 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.1 CaO 29.6 Al2O3 58.5 SiO2 1.0 TiO2 1.2 Fe2O3 9.8 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kentucky #1 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky #1 - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 0.8 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.1 CaO 29.6 Al2O3 note = | 58.5 SiO2 1.0 TiO2 1.2 Fe2O3 9.8 LOI name = Kentucky #12 date = 06/04/98 code = ky12 aka = Kentucky #12 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 28.0 Al2O3 51.3 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 16.3 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kentucky #12 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky #12 - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 28.0 Al2O3 note = | 51.3 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 16.3 LOI name = Kentucky #40 date = 06/04/98 code = ky40 aka = Kentucky #40 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.5 Na2O 1.2 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 26.3 Al2O3 53.9 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 15.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kentucky #40 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky #40 - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.5 Na2O 1.2 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 26.3 Al2O3 note = | 53.9 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 15.0 LOI name = Kentucky #6 date = 06/04/98 code = ky6 aka = Kentucky #6 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.1 MgO 27.9 Al2O3 58.4 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kentucky #6 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky #6 - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.1 MgO 27.9 Al2O3 note = | 58.4 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 10.0 LOI name = Kentucky ball clay date = 03/06/2001 code = type = clay mapto = Kentucky OM #4 formula = % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI density = 152.2 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Kentucky ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky ball clay - dust hazard note = |Generic Kentucky ball clay; map to your favorite. name = Kentucky OM #4 date = 05/25/98 code = om4 aka = Kentuckly Old Mine #4 ball clay akacode = aka = Old Mine #4 akacode = aka = Kentucky #4 akacode = aka = Kentucky ball clay #4 akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI density = 152.2 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Kentucky OM #4 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky OM #4 - dust hazard note = | OM #4 is a fine-grained ball clay with good plasticity and note = |strength. It is very common in glaze recipes. It undergoes a note = |sudden color shift around cone 8-9, from straw yellow to solid note = |gray [IMC]. note = | Contains 67% kaolinite, 19% free quartz, 7% feldspar, and 3% note = |organic material. Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay note = |Company; comes from western Kentucky. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co., 1988) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 note = | 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 31.2 Al2O3 note = | 52.1 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.4 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 31.2 Al2O3 note = | 52.1 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.4 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 30.8 Al2O3 note = | 53.0 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 11.9 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB, CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 CaO 0.3 MgO 31.2 Al2O3 note = | 52.1 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 note = | 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI name = Kentucky Special date = 06/06/98 code = kyspec aka = Kentucky Special ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.4 CaO 29.0 Al2O3 48.8 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 17.8 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Kentucky Special supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky Special - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.4 CaO 29.0 Al2O3 note = | 48.8 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 17.8 LOI name = Kentucky Stone date = 05/26/98 code = kystone aka = Kentucky stoneware akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.1 Na2O 1.3 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.3 CaO 20.8 Al2O3 67.2 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 7.1 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Kentucky Stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kentucky Stone - dust hazard note = | A highly plastic, fine-grained (IMC: coarse-grained), note = |quartz-rich stoneware/ball clay, used in stoneware clay bodies. note = |May substitute for Jordan clay, with the addition of some note = |feldspar and/or flint. Contains 48% kaolinite, 39% quartz, 10% note = |feldspar, and 1% organic matter. note = | Manufactured by Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co.; comes from note = |Mayfield, KY. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler (K-T Clay Co.): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 1.3 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 20.7 Al2O3 note = | 67.1 SiO2 1.11 TiO2 1.4 Fe2O3 7.5 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.2 Na2O 1.3 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 20.7 Al2O3 note = | 67.1 SiO2 1.1 TiO2 1.4 Fe2O3 7.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.1 Na2O 1.3 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.3 CaO 20.8 Al2O3 note = | 67.2 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1.3 Fe2O3 7.1 LOI name = Keystone feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = keystone aka = Keystone spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 2.19 Na2O 13.34 K2O 19.86 Al2O3 64.61 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Keystone feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Na2O. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | (See Custer) note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 2.48 Na2O 12.24 K2O 0.17 CaO 19.94 Al2O3 note = | 64.76 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.35 LOI note = | Speight: note = | (refers to Custer) note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.5 Na2O 12.2 K2O 0.2 CaO 19.9 Al2O3 note = | 64.8 SiO2 0.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 2.19 Na2O 13.34 K2O 19.86 Al2O3 64.61 SiO2 name = Kingman feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = kingman aka = Kingman spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 2.80 Na2O 12.01 K2O 0.10 CaO 18.72 Al2O3 66.18 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kingman feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | High potassium potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 2.7 Na2O 12.0 K2O 0.1 CaO 18.4 Al2O3 note = | 66.5 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Chappell: (slight difference from C&R) note = | % 2.8 Na2O 12.0 K2O 0.1 CaO 18.7 Al2O3 note = | 66.0 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.26 Na2O 0.74 K2O 1.04 Al2O3 6.40 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 2.7 Na2O 12.0 K2O 0.1 CaO 18.4 Al2O3 note = | 66.5 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 2.80 Na2O 12.01 K2O 0.10 CaO 18.72 Al2O3 note = | 66.18 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 0.08 LOI name = Kingsley kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.11 Na2O 0.14 K2O 0.04 MgO 0.90 CaO 38.40 Al2O3 44.80 SiO2 1.64 TiO2 0.39 Fe2O3 13.60 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kingsley kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Kingsley kaolin - dust hazard note = | A coarse white-firing kaolin. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.1 CaO 38.5 Al2O3 note = | 45.1 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 13.9 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.11 Na2O 0.14 K2O 0.04 MgO 0.90 CaO 38.40 Al2O3 note = | 44.80 SiO2 1.64 TiO2 0.39 Fe2O3 13.60 LOI name = Kona A-3 feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = a3 aka = akacode = a-3 aka = Kona A-3 spar akacode = aka = Kona A-3 akacode = aka = A-3 feldspar akacode = aka = A-3 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.00 Na2O 7.51 K2O 0.40 CaO 16.30 Al2O3 71.63 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Kona A-3 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 3.7 Na2O 7.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 16.3 Al2O3 note = | 71.6 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.1 LOI note = | Chappell: (Na,K inverted from C&R) note = | % 7.8 Na2O 3.7 K2O 0.4 CaO 16.3 Al2O3 note = | 71.6 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.1 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 3.7 Na2O 7.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 16.3 Al2O3 note = | 71.6 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.1 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 3.7 Na2O 7.8 K2O 0.4 CaO 16.3 Al2O3 note = | 71.6 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.1 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 4.00 Na2O 7.51 K2O 0.40 CaO 16.30 Al2O3 note = | 71.63 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI name = Kona F-4 feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = f4 aka = F-4 spar akacode = f-4 aka = Kona F-4 spar akacode = aka = Kona F-4 akacode = aka = F-4 feldspar akacode = aka = F-4 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 6.90 Na2O 4.8 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.70 CaO 19.60 Al2O3 66.80 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.20 LOI density = 196.2 available = y costperlb = 0.35 annote = |Kona F-4 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Commonly used soda feldspar; used in porcelains because of its note = |low iron content. note = | Manufactured by Unimin Corporation; comes from Spruce Pine, NC. note = |Primarily feldspar, some free quartz and traces of iron and note = |magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Unimin Corp. 1991) note = | % 6.80 Na2O 5.00 K2O 1.50 CaO 19.60 Al2O3 note = | 68.85 SiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 0.20 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 7.0 Na2O 4.5 K2O 1.8 CaO 19.7 Al2O3 note = | 66.8 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 0.48 Na2O 0.32 K2O 0.20 CaO 1.02 Al2O3 5.60 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 4.5 Na2O 7.0 K2O 1.8 CaO 19.7 Al2O3 note = | 66.8 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.2 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.48 Na2O 0.32 K2O 0.20 CaO 1.02 Al2O3 5.60 SiO2 note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 7.0 Na2O 4.5 K2O 1.8 CaO 19.7 Al2O3 note = | 66.8 SiO2 0.2 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 6.90 Na2O 4.8 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.70 CaO 19.60 Al2O3 note = | 66.80 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.20 LOI name = Kyanite date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.45 annote = |Kyanite supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. haznote = |Kyanite - dust hazard note = | Refractory material with high resistance to thermal shock. Used note = |as a grog in porcelain, tile clay, and casting slip. Reduces note = |shrinkage and increases strength. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): (same analysis given for Mullite) note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 40.0 Al2O3 57.0 SiO2 0.7 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 62.92 Al2O3 37.08 SiO2 note = | Klein & Hurlbut: note = | Al2SiO5 name = Laguna borate date = 02/23/2001 code = type = flux mapto = formula = % 4.0 Na2O 1.4 K2O 18.9 CaO 2.3 MgO 27.5 B2O3 0.1 TiO2 8.1 Al2O3 18.7 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 19.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.65 annote = |Laguna borate supplies B2O3, CaO, other fluxes, SiO2, annote = |and Al2O3. note = | Gerstley Borate replacement from Laguna. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 4.0 Na2O3 1.4 K2O 18.9 CaO 2.3 MgO 27.5 B2O3 note = | 0.1 TiO2 8.1 Al2O3 18.7 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 19.0 LOI name = Lead antimonate date = 05/17/98 code = aka = Antimonate of lead akacode = aka = Naples yellow akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = 3 PbO Sb2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead antimonate supplies PbO and Sb2O3. haznote = |Lead antimonate - toxic - contains lead and antimony - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | A creamish yellow pigment used to introduce antimony into lead note = |glazes. 5% gives bright yellow. note = | Sb2O5 becomes Sb2O3 and dissolves when the lead silicate fuses. name = Lead bisilicate date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = PbO 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 4.00 annote = |Lead bisilicate supplies SiO2 and PbO. haznote = |Lead bisilicate - toxic - contains lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Used to lengthen the firing range and smooth glaze surfaces note = |from approximately c/010 to c/6. Starts to fuse at approximately note = |700C, completes fusion by 900C. name = Lead chloride date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = PbCl2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead chloride supplies PbO. haznote = |Lead chloride - toxic - contains lead and chrome - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended name = Lead chromate date = 05/17/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = PbCrO4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead chromate supplies PbO and Cr2O3. haznote = |Lead chromate - toxic - contains lead and chrome - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended name = Lead dioxide date = 05/17/98 code = aka = Brown lead akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = PbO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead dioxide supplies PbO. haznote = |Lead dioxide - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended name = Lead monosilicate date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = PbO SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead monosilicate supplies SiO2 and PbO. haznote = |Lead monosilicate - toxic - contains lead - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended note = | Starts to fuse at approximately 700C, completes fusion by 800C. name = Lead orthosilicate date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = 2 PbO SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead orthosilicate supplies SiO2 and PbO. haznote = |Lead orthosilicate - toxic - contains lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Very high lead solubility; not usually available. name = Lead sesquisilicate date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = 2 PbO 3 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead sesquisilicate supplies SiO2 and PbO. haznote = |Lead sesquisilicate - toxic - contains lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Slightly softer and contains more lead than lead bisilicate. note = |Starts to fuse at approximately 700C, completes fusion by 850C. note = |Favors yellows and reds with antimony and iron at temperatures note = |below 1000C, but is more volatile than lead bisilicate above note = |1100C. name = Lead sulfate date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = PbSO4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead sulfate supplies PbO. haznote = |Lead sulfate - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended name = Lead trioxide date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = Pb2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lead trioxide supplies PbO. haznote = |Lead trioxide - toxic - contains lead - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended name = lead white date = 10/27/98 code = Pbcarb aka = lead carbonate akacode = Pbcarb type = flux mapto = formula = 2PbCO3 Pb(OH)2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 haznote = |Toxic if ingested or absorbed. Accumulative poison. Fumes in firing. name = Lepidolite date = 05/24/98 code = lep type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.13 Na2O 10.33 K2O 4.65 Li2O 0.92 CaO 0.31 MgO 26.77 Al2O3 52.89 SiO2 0.19 Fe2O3 0.59 F 0.66 LOI density = 272.2 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lepidolite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Rb2O, Li2O, Na2O, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Lepidolite - releases fluorine gas during firing note = | A lithium mica, similar in function and composition to a note = |feldspar. Theoretical formula K2O Li2O 2Al2O3 6SiO2 2H2O (4.1% note = |Li2O by weight); generally also contains rubidium, sodium, iron, note = |and fluorine. note = | Lepidolite, although not in short supply geologically, is not note = |currently available to potters. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry 1993, 82) note = | % 1.0 Na2O 9.0 K2O+Rb2O 4.0 Li2O 25.0 Al2O3 55.0 SiO2 note = | 0.08 Fe2O3 5.0 F note = | Hopper: note = | (LiNaK)2 (FOH)2 Al2O3 3SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.94 KNaO 0.04 MgO 0.04 CaO 1.0 Li2O 1.84 Al2O3 6.26 SiO2 note = | 0.02 FeO 0.01 Fe2O3 1.5 F note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | (LiK)2 (FOH)2 Al2O3 3SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | Li2F2 Al2O3 3 SiO2 note = | Chappell: (way off) note = | (LiNaK)2 (FeH)2 note = | Cushing: note = | 0.06 Na2O 0.41 K2O 0.53 Li2O 0.98 Al2O3 3.28 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | 2 LiO K2O 2 Al2O3 6 SiO2 or... note = | LiF KF Al2O3 3 SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 0.13 Na2O 10.33 K2O 4.65 Li2O 0.92 CaO 0.31 MgO note = | 26.77 Al2O3 52.89 SiO2 0.19 Fe2O3 0.59 F 0.66 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.76 Na2O 6.93 K2O 3.09 Li2O 19.25 Al2O3 note = | 42.40 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 27.50 LOI name = Lime feldspar - theoretical date = 06/01/98 code = cafeld aka = Anorthite akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = CaO Al2O3 2SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = | Theoretical pure lime feldspar (the mineral Anorthite). name = Limestone date = 05/28/98 code = lime type = flux mapto = Dolomite formula = CaO MgO 2 CO2 density = 244.6 available = y costperlb = 0.29 note = | The term "limestone" might refer to either whiting (calcium note = |carbonate) or dolomite. Technically, "limestone" refers to note = |whiting and "dolomitic limestone" or "dolostone" to dolomite, note = |but the distinction is often blurred by potters and suppliers - note = |in many studios, "whiting" is calcium carbonate and "limestone" note = |is dolomite. Similarly, the term "whiting" is also sometimes note = |misused, although in glaze recipes it generally means CaCO3. note = | Marble is metamorphosed limestone with a fine-grained note = |structure. name = Litharge date = 05/17/98 code = aka = Lead oxide akacode = aka = Lead monoxide akacode = aka = Yellow lead akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = PbO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Litharge supplies PbO. haznote = |Litharge (lead monoxide) - toxic - contains lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended note = | Yellowish-red. name = Lithium carbonate date = 05/24/98 code = licarb type = flux mapto = formula = Li2O CO2 density = 116.8 available = y costperlb = 4.95 annote = |Lithium carbonate supplies Li2O. haznote = |Lithium carbonate - toxic note = | Relatively pure source of lithium in glazes. Theoretical formula note = |Li2CO3 (40.4% Li2O); most supplies are over 99% pure. note = | Manufactured in the U.S. by Cyprus Specialty Metals (Foote note = |Mineral Company) and by Lithium Corporation of America. Cyprus' note = |lithium carbonate comes from deposits created by solar evaporation note = |of brackish pond waters containing high concentrations of lithium note = |salts; these deposits are mined in Silver Peak, NV, and also exist note = |in other locations in the West. Lithium Corp. creates lithium note = |carbonate by processing spodumene (Bessemer City, NC). note = | Slightly soluble in water; solubility decreases with rising note = |temperature [Parmelee]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Technical Grade, Cyprus, 1988) note = | % 99.2 Li2CO3 0.11 Na 0.033 K 0.006 Mg 0.05 Ca note = | 0.02 Cl 0.11 SO4 0.001 Fe2O3 0.02 H2O note = | Hopper: (incorrect) note = | LiCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Li2CO3 note = | Cuff: note = | Li2CO3 note = | Chappell: note = | Li2CO3 note = | Cushing: note = | Li2CO3 note = | Memmott: note = | Li2CO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Li2CO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 40.74 Li2O 59.26 LOI name = Lithospar date = 06/03/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 0.38 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.39 Li2O 1.24 Al2O3 6.73 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lithospar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Lithium feldspar. Not really sure what mineral(s). note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.38 Na2O 0.18 K2O 0.39 Li2O 1.24 Al2O3 6.73 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 4.04 Na2O 2.91 K2O 2.00 Li2O 21.69 Al2O3 69.36 SiO2 name = Lizella Red date = 06/03/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.85 Na2O 1.4 K2O 0.78 MgO 0.7 CaO 19.6 Al2O3 63.7 SiO2 1 TiO2 3.6 Fe2O3 8.5 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Lizella Red supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Lizella Red - dust hazard note = | Plastic earthenware clay, good for throwing. From Burns note = |Brick Co in GA. Similar to Ochmulgee, but finer-grained. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.85 Na2O 1.4 K2O 0.78 MgO 0.7 CaO 19.6 Al2O3 note = | 63.7 SiO2 1 TiO2 3.6 Fe2O3 8.5 LOI name = Lunday kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 1.3 K2O 36.3 Al2O3 47.3 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 13.6 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Lunday kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Lunday kaolin - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.3 K2O 36.3 Al2O3 note = | 47.3 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 13.6 LOI name = M&D ball clay date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.5 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.5 CaO 27.33 Al2O3 57.46 SiO2 1.31 TiO2 2.32 Fe2O3 10.09 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.22 annote = |M&D ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |M&D ball clay - dust hazard note = | Montmorillonite-bearing ball clay; very fine-grained and plastic. note = |Considered the strongest ball clay available today. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.5 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.6 CaO 27.8 Al2O3 note = | 57.1 SiO2 1.3 TiO2 2.3 Fe2O3 9.8 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.5 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.5 CaO 27.33 Al2O3 note = | 57.46 SiO2 1.31 TiO2 2.32 Fe2O3 10.09 LOI name = M&D Sledge ball clay date = 03/23/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = % 57.30 SiO2 27.30 Al2O3 1.3 TiO2 2.3 Fe2O3 0.50 K2O 0.10 Na2O 0.50 CaO 0.50 MgO 10.20 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |M&D Sledge ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and trace oxides. note = | Canadian (?) ball clay. note = | Analysis from Edouard Bastarache. name = Macaloid date = 05/31/98 code = mac aka = Baroid Macaloid akacode = aka = Veegum akacode = aka = Veegum T akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 3.1 Na2O 1.2 Li2O 22.1 MgO 6.5 CaO 0.8 Al2O3 51.9 SiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 11.7 LOI 2.1 F density = 81.2 available = y costperlb = 4.50 annote = |Macaloid supplies SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, Li2O, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Macaloid - dust hazard note = | A high-magnesium montmorillonite clay, similar in function to note = |bentonite, but with double the plasticity. Consists of 90% note = |hectorite. Should be thoroughly mixed with warm water before note = |adding to clay or glaze. Often used in combination with CMC. note = | Theoretical formula of hectorite: (Mg,Li)3 Si4O10 (OH)2 (Na)0.3 note = |(H2O)4 note = | Veegum is a very similar material, produced by Vanderbilt. note = |Different grades are available, the most popular for potters note = |being Veegum T. Veegum CER is a mixture of Veegum T and CMC. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Cushing 1986 / TAM 1969) (adds to 87.9%) note = | % 3.08 Na2O 22.07 MgO 6.46 CaO 1.21 Li2O 0.77 Al2O3 note = | 51.89 SiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 2.07 F note = | Cushing: note = | % 3.08 Na2O 22.07 MgO 6.46 CaO 1.21 Li2O 0.77 Al2O3 note = | 51.89 SiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 2.07 F 11.7 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (Veegum) note = | % 1.7 Na2O 0.1 K2O 23.8 MgO 4.5 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 54 SiO2 0.2 Fe2O3 11.8 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.1 Na2O 1.2 Li2O 22.1 MgO 6.5 CaO 0.8 Al2O3 note = | 51.9 SiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 11.7 LOI 2.1 F name = Madoc "H" spar date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Madoc feldspar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 0.34 Na2O 0.61 K2O 0.05 CaO 1.04 Al2O3 6.40 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Madoc "H" spar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, and CaO. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.34 Na2O 0.61 K2O 0.05 CaO 1.04 Al2O3 6.40 SiO2 note = | IMC: (Madoc feldspar) note = | % 3.59 Na2O 8.89 K2O 17.39 Al2O3 68.63 SiO2 name = Magnesium carbonate date = 05/29/98 code = mgcarb aka = Magnesium carb akacode = aka = Light magnesium carbonate akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = 4 MgO 3 CO2 4 H2O density = 53.0 available = y costperlb = 2.95 annote = |Magnesium carbonate supplies MgO. note = | Natural magnesium carbonate - the mineral Magnesite, MgCO3 - is note = |formed by precipitation from sea water, or by hydrothermal note = |alteration of dolomite. Light magnesium carbonate - note = |Hydromagnesite, 3MgCO3 Mg(OH)2 3H2O - is produced by boiling note = |magnesium sulfate and sodium carbonate. This latter form is the note = |type generally used by potters. (The difference in MgO between note = |the two is about 4% - Magnesite is 47.8% MgO, Hydromagnesite is note = |44.1% MgO.) note = | Slightly soluble, and tends to flocculate the glaze. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry 1993, 84) note = | % 46.2 MgO 0.3 CaO 1.0 Fe2O3 0.5 SiO2 50.3 CO2 note = | Hopper: note = | MgCO3 (Magnesite (calcined): MgO MgCO3) note = | Rhodes: note = | MgCO3 note = | Cuff: note = | MgCO3 (Magnesite, Magnesium carbonate) note = | 3 MgCO3 Mg(OH)2 3 H2O (Magnesium carbonate light) note = | Chappell: note = | MgCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | MgCO3 note = | Memmott: (Magnesite; Magnesium Carbonate) note = | MgCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | MgCO3 note = | 3 MgO Mg(OH)2 H2O (light)(basic) note = | IMC: note = | % 43.00 MgO 0.50 CaO 0.25 SrO 0.15 Al2O3 note = | 0.04 Fe2O3 56.50 LOI name = Magnesium chloride date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = MgCl2 6 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Magnesium chloride supplies MgO. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | MgCl2 6 H2O name = Magnesium zirconium silicate date = 05/30/98 code = type = opacifier mapto = formula = MgZrSiO4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 3.65 annote = |Magnesium zirconium silicate supplies MgO, ZrO2, and SiO2. note = | A zirconium opacifier containing some magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | ZrO2 2 SiO2 3 MgO name = Maine feldspar date = 05/26/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 2.83 Na2O 8.16 K2O 0.11 MgO 0.20 CaO 17.39 Al2O3 71.31 SiO2 0.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Maine feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Grebanier: note = | 0.64 Na2O 0.36 K2O 1.18 Al2O3 8.8 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 2.83 Na2O 8.16 K2O 0.11 MgO 0.20 CaO 17.39 Al2O3 note = | 71.31 SiO2 0.50 LOI name = Manganese carbonate date = 05/31/98 code = mncarb type = colorant mapto = formula = MnO CO2 density = 204.2 available = y costperlb = 7.45 annote = |Manganese carbonate supplies MnO. haznote = |Manganese carbonate - toxic note = |Used to create metallic, black, brown, or purple/plum glazes. note = |Decomposes on heating to MnO2 and CO2; must be fired above note = |1080 C to break down the MnO2 to MnO. note = | note = |A source of manganese in glazes. Occurs naturally as the mineral note = |Rhodochrosite. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | MnCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | MnCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | MnCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | MnCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | MnCO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 61.62 MnO 38.39 LOI name = Manganese dioxide date = 05/31/98 code = mndiox aka = akacode = mndi type = colorant mapto = formula = MnO2 density = 344.0 available = y costperlb = 0.95 annote = |Manganese dioxide supplies MnO. haznote = |Manganese dioxide - toxic note = | Most common source of manganese in glazes. Insoluble in water. note = |Decomposes to MnO at 1080C. Prepared from the mineral Pyrolusite note = |and from other ores. note = | Below 1080C, produces blacks and purples, and is refractory. note = |Above 1080C, becomes a flux and produces browns (purples if no note = |alumina is present). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | MnO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | MnO2 note = | Rhodes: note = | MnO2 note = | Cushing: note = | MnO2 note = | Memmott: note = | MnO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | MnO2 note = | (also lists "Manganese oxide (greenish)" as MnO, note = | "Manganese oxide (brownish-black)" as Mn2O3, note = | and "Manganese oxide (red)" as Mn3O4) note = | IMC: note = | % 81.49 MnO 18.52 LOI name = Meerschaum date = 06/01/98 code = aka = Sepiolite akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = 2 MgO 3 SiO2 2 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Meerschaum provides SiO2 and MgO. note = | According to Klein & Hurlbut, Sepiolite is a phyllosilicate of note = |the Serpentine group. It is a "hydrous magnesium silicate... a note = |claylike, secondary mineral associated with serpentine... used note = |in the manufacture of meerschaum pipes." note = | Analyses: note = | Klein & Hurlbut: note = | Mg4(OH)2Si6O15 H2O 4H2O (translates to 4MgO 6SiO2 6H2O) note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 2 MgO 3 SiO2 2 H2O name = Mineral flux no. 4 date = 05/23/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.16 Na2O 2.2 K2O 1.64 CaO 11.12 Al2O3 80.18 SiO2 0.14 Fe2O3 0.23 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Mineral flux no.4 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd.) note = | % 4.16 Na2O 2.2 K2O 1.64 CaO 11.12 Al2O3 note = | 80.18 SiO2 0.14 Fe2O3 0.23 LOI name = Minpro #4 spar date = 06/03/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = 5.59 Na2O 5.55 K2O 0.83 CaO 18.54 Al2O3 69.49 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Minpro #4 spar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, and CaO. note = | Soda feldspar, similar to Kona F-4. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.55 Na2O 0.36 K2O 0.09 CaO 1.11 Al2O3 7.06 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | 5.59 Na2O 5.55 K2O 0.83 CaO 18.54 Al2O3 69.49 SiO2 name = Missouri fire clay date = 05/25/98 code = type = clay mapto = A.P. Green formula = % 1.0 K2O 0.35 MgO 0.35 CaO 31.0 Al2O3 52.0 SiO2 1.9 TiO2 2.0 Fe2O3 11.0 LOI density = 324.0 available = y costperlb = 0.26 annote = |Missouri fire clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Missouri fire clay - dust hazard note = | [Generic Missouri fire clay. Map to a particular kind of note = |Missouri fire clay - A.P. Green or Hawthorne Bond.] name = Molochite date = 06/01/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.85 annote = |Molochite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small quantities annote = | of several fluxes. note = | Molochite is a calcined china clay product produced by ECC note = |International; it is a refractory white grog containing mullite note = |and amorphous silica glass (no crystalline silica). Produced note = |by calcining china clay at 1500C. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd.) note = | % 0.10 Na2O 1.75 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.10 CaO note = | 42.50 Al2O3 54.50 SiO2 0.08 TiO2 0.75 Fe2O3 note = | Hamer: note = | Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.10 Na2O 2.00 K2O 0.31 MgO 0.06 CaO note = | 42.00 Al2O3 54.50 SiO2 0.07 TiO2 1.10 Fe2O3 name = Molybdenum oxide date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = MoO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Molybdenum oxide supplies MoO3. note = | An uncommon colorant. Also significantly lowers surface tension note = |of silicate melts, thus acting as a wetting agent. Slightly note = |soluble in water. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | MoO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | MoO3 name = Monmouth fire clay date = 06/02/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.01 Na2O 0.55 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.11 CaO 44.95 Al2O3 50.89 SiO2 0.84 TiO2 2.21 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Monmouth fire clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Monmouth fire clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.01 Na2O 0.55 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.11 CaO 44.95 Al2O3 note = | 50.89 SiO2 0.84 TiO2 2.21 Fe2O3 name = Monmouth stoneware clay date = 06/06/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 56.8 SiO2 12.2 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Monmouth stoneware clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Monmouth stoneware clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.3 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 28.5 Al2O3 note = | 56.8 SiO2 12.2 LOI name = Mullite date = 06/02/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = 3 Al2O3 2 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.35 annote = |Mullite supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. note = | Theoretical Mullite - a mineral with long interlocking crystals. note = |Highly refractory. Named after the Isle of Mull in Scotland where note = |it was discovered. Forms in clay bodies during firing and helps note = |hold them together. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | 3 Al2O3 2 SiO2 name = Murrays borate date = 02/23/2001 code = type = flux mapto = formula = % 6.0 Na2O 26.2 CaO 38.0 B2O3 0.5 Al2O3 29.2 SiO2 12.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 2.50 annote = |Murrays borate supplies B2O3, CaO, Na2O, SiO2, and Al2O3. note = | Gerstley Borate replacement from Kickwheel Pottery Supply. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Axner: (Web site, 2001) note = | % 6.0 Na2O 26.2 CaO 38.0 B2O3 0.5 Al2O3 note = | 29.2 SiO2 12.0 LOI name = Narco fire clay date = 06/01/98 code = narco aka = Narco fireclay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.30 Na2O 2.20 K2O 0.60 MgO 0.13 CaO 31.20 Al2O3 52.70 SiO2 1.75 TiO2 1.84 Fe2O3 9.58 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Narco fire clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Narco fire clay - dust hazard note = | Low plasticity, low shrinkage fire clay; good for sculpture note = |bodies. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 2.2 K2O 0.6 MgO 0.13 CaO 31.2 Al2O3 note = | 52.7 SiO2 1.75 TiO2 1.84 Fe2O3 9.58 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.30 Na2O 2.20 K2O 0.60 MgO 0.13 CaO 31.20 Al2O3 note = | 52.70 SiO2 1.75 TiO2 1.84 Fe2O3 9.58 LOI name = NC-4 feldspar date = 05/23/98 code = nc4 aka = akacode = nc-4 aka = NC-4 spar akacode = aka = NC #4 feldspar akacode = aka = NC #4 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 6.82 Na2O 4.10 K2O 1.40 CaO 18.85 Al2O3 68.15 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.19 annote = |NC-4 feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Commonly used soda feldspar. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corporation; comes from Spruce Pine, NC. note = |Primarily feldspar, some free quartz and traces of iron and note = |magnesium. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 6.82 Na2O 4.10 K2O 1.40 CaO 18.85 Al2O3 note = | 68.15 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI note = | Obstler: (Feldspar Corp. 1993) note = | % 6.80 Na2O 5.00 K2O 1.50 CaO 19.60 Al2O3 note = | 68.85 SiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 0.20 LOI note = | Cushing: (NC #4) note = | 0.63 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.15 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 6.18 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 6.99 Na2O 4.02 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.45 CaO 18.76 Al2O3 note = | 68.37 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.09 LOI name = Nepheline syenite date = 06/03/98 code = ns type = feldspar mapto = formula = 0.75 Na2O 0.25 K2O 1.11 Al2O3 4 SiO2 density = 199.2 available = y costperlb = 0.30 annote = |Nepheline syenite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = |Commonly used feldspathic rock. An excellent basis for glazes in note = |the cone 4-6 range, also used in some cone 10 glazes. note = | Manufactured by Unimin Corporation; comes from Nephton, Blue note = |Mountain, Ontario, Canada. An igneous Precambrian feldspathic note = |rock containing soda feldspar, potash feldspar, nepheline (K2O note = |3Na2O 4Al2O3 9SiO2), and small amounts of muscovite and iron note = |minerals. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 10.6 Na2O 4.80 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.35 CaO 23.50 Al2O3 note = | 60.20 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.44 LOI note = | Hopper: note = | K2O 3Na2O 4Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | K2O 3Na2O 4Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 10.6 Na2O 5.1 K2O 0.3 CaO 23.3 Al2O3 note = | 60.2 SiO2 0.077 Fe2O3 0.4 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.036) note = | % 7.60 Na2O 8.30 K2O 1.51 CaO 23.84 Al2O3 note = | 57.62 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 0.99 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (USA - pg. 66) note = | % 4.6 Na2O 9.8 K2O 23.6 Al2O3 note = | 60.4 SiO2 0.7 "other" note = | Cooper & Royle: (North Cape, Norway - pg. 66) note = | % 8.1 Na2O 9.0 K2O 24.9 Al2O3 note = | 56.3 SiO2 1.7 "other" note = | Rhodes: note = | 0.75 Na2O 0.25 K2O 1.11 Al2O3 4.65 SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | 0.75 Na2O 0.25 K2O Al2O3 2 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | % 4.6 Na2O 9.8 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.7 CaO 23.6 Al2O3 note = | 60.4 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 0.7 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.75 Na2O 0.25 K2O 1.11 Al2O3 4.65 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | 3 Na2O K2O 4 Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 10.6 Na2O 5.1 K2O 0.3 CaO 23.3 Al2O3 note = | 60.3 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.4 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 10.3 Na2O 4.7 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.6 CaO 23.2 Al2O3 note = | 60.4 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.7 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 10.60 Na2O 4.80 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.35 CaO 23.50 Al2O3 note = | 60.20 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 name = Neuman Red date = 05/26/98 code = neuman aka = Neuman Red clay akacode = aka = Newman Red akacode = aka = Newman Red clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.40 Na2O 0.20 MgO 0.30 CaO 30.41 Al2O3 53.41 SiO2 1.61 Fe2O3 11.20 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.45 annote = |Neuman Red supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Neuman Red - dust hazard note = | A red clay. note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 1.40 Na2O 0.20 MgO 0.30 CaO 30.41 Al2O3 note = | 53.41 SiO2 1.61 Fe2O3 11.20 LOI name = Nickel carbonate date = 05/31/98 code = nicarb type = colorant mapto = formula = NiCO3 density = 88.0 available = y costperlb = 16.45 annote = |Nickel carbonate supplies NiO. haznote = |Nickel carbonate - toxic note = | Colorant used to produce blue, gray, green, brown, and yellow. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | NiCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | NiCO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 63 NiO 37 CO2 name = Nickel oxide date = 06/02/98 code = niox type = colorant mapto = Black nickel oxide formula = Ni2O3 density = 465.6 available = y costperlb = 14.20 annote = |Nickel oxide supplies NiO. haznote = |Nickel oxide - toxic note = | Colorant used to produce blue, gray, green, brown, and yellow. note = |Ni2O3 decomposes to NiO at 600C. note = | Many sources do not differentiate between green and black note = |nickel oxide. note = | Concentrated nickel occurs naturally in the ore minerals note = |Nicolite (NiAs) and Nickel Glance (NiAsS) and is extracted from note = |the ores by roasting. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Ni2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | NiO note = | Rhodes: note = | NiO (green), Ni2O3 (black) note = | Chappell: note = | Ni2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | NiO (green), Ni2O3 (black) note = | Memmott: note = | NiO (green), Ni2O3 (black) note = | Parmelee: note = | NiO (green)(nickelous), Ni2O3 (black)(nickelic) name = Niter date = 05/31/98 code = aka = Potassium nitrate akacode = aka = Saltpeter akacode = aka = Nitre akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = KNO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.40 annote = |Niter supplies K2O. note = | Not commonly used in glazes; used primarily as an oxidizing note = |agent in frits. Sodium nitrate may usually be substituted. note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | KNO3 note = | Cushing: note = | KNO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | KNO3 name = Oat straw ash date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 4 Na2O 30 K2O 4 MgO 7 CaO 49 SiO2 5 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Oat straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 4 Na2O 30 K2O 4 MgO 7 CaO note = | 49 SiO2 5 P2O5 1 Fe2O3 name = Ocmulgee date = 05/26/98 code = ocmul aka = Ocmulgee red clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.358 Na2O 1.285 K2O 0.793 MgO 0.37 CaO 21.82 Al2O3 53.86 SiO2 1.196 TiO2 6.4 Fe2O3 0.230 MnO 8.9 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Ocmulgee supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Ocmulgee - dust hazard note = | A sandy, coarse, iron-bearing clay formed by sedimentary note = |deposition by moving water. note = | Manufactured by Burns Brick Company for the manufacture of note = |bricks and pipes; comes from Macon, GA. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.358 Na2O 1.285 K2O 0.793 MgO 0.37 CaO 21.82 Al2O3 note = | 53.86 SiO2 1.196 TiO2 6.4 Fe2O3 0.230 MnO 8.9 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.36 Na2O 1.29 K2O 0.79 MgO 0.37 CaO 21.8 Al2O3 note = | 53.9 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 6.4 Fe2O3 0.23 MnO 13.7 LOI name = Opax date = 06/06/98 code = opax type = opacifier mapto = formula = % 1.11 Na2O 0.91 Al2O3 6.48 SiO2 90.84 ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Opax supplies ZrO2, SiO2, TiO2. K2O, Na2O, and Fe2O3. note = | A fritted zirconium opacifier. No longer manufactured. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | (no analysis) note = | Chappell: note = | % 1.11 Na2O 0.91 Al2O3 6.48 SiO2 90.84 ZrO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 1.11 Na2O 0.91 Al2O3 6.48 SiO2 90.84 ZrO2 name = Oxford feldspar date = 06/01/98 code = oxford aka = Oxford spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.28 Na2O 8.07 K2O 0.39 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 70.82 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 0.19 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Oxford feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | If unavailable, substitute Eureka #703 feldspar [Cushing]. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (appendix 8) note = | % 3.22 Na2O 7.92 K2O 0.38 CaO 17.04 Al2O3 note = | 69.4 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Chappell: note = | % 3.22 Na2O 7.92 K2O 0.38 CaO 17.04 Al2O3 note = | 69.4 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 3.2 Na2O 7.9 K2O 0.4 CaO 17.0 Al2O3 note = | 69.4 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 3.28 Na2O 8.07 K2O 0.39 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 note = | 70.82 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 0.19 LOI name = P-609 date = 04/11/2007 code = P609 aka = Pemco Frit P-609 akacode = aka = Frit P-609 akacode = type = frit mapto = formula = 0.092 Na2O 0.046 K2O 0.138 MgO 0.297 CaO 0.071 Li2O 0.356 SrO 0.335 Al2O3 0.377 B2O3 2.473 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 name = Parks ball clay date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 26.8 Al2O3 58.9 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 11.2 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Parks ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Parks ball clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.1 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 26.8 Al2O3 note = | 58.9 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 11.2 LOI name = PBX date = 05/25/98 code = pbx aka = PBX fireclay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.35 MgO 0.36 CaO 38.52 Al2O3 56.63 SiO2 1.51 TiO2 1.75 Fe2O3 0.88 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |PBX fireclay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |PBX fireclay - dust hazard note = | A Missouri fire clay. Missouri fire clays are secondary deposits note = |of clay and sediment formed in deep fresh waters. note = | Comes from Missouri. note = | If unavailable, substitute 85% Hawthorn Bonding clay plus note = |15% Lizella Red [Cushing]. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (1986) (adds to 109%) note = | % 0.5 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.1 CaO 24.0 Al2O3 66.0 SiO2 note = | 1.5 TiO2 2.0 Fe2O3 15.3 H2O note = | Obstler: (old) note = | % 0.1 K2O 0.23 MgO 31.1 Al2O3 45.7 SiO2 note = | 1.7 TiO2 6.1 Fe2O3 5.8 H2O note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 K2O 0.2 MgO 31.1 Al2O3 note = | 45.7 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 6.1 Fe2O3 15.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.35 MgO 0.36 CaO 38.52 Al2O3 note = | 56.63 SiO2 1.51 TiO2 1.75 Fe2O3 0.88 LOI name = Pearl ash date = 05/30/98 code = pearl aka = Potassium carbonate akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = K2O CO2 density = 172.6 available = n costperlb = 1.60 annote = |Pearl ash supplies K2O. note = | A soluble but pure source of potassium. Tends to absorb moisture note = |from the air. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | K2CO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | K2CO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | K2CO3 note = | Cuff: note = | K2CO3 note = | Chappell: note = | K2CO3 note = | Cushing: note = | K2CO3 note = | Memmott: note = | K2CO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | K2CO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 57 K2O 43 LOI name = Peerless #2 kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.5 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.1 CaO 39.5 Al2O3 44.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 13.3 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Peerless #2 kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Peerless #2 kaolin - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.5 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.1 CaO 39.5 Al2O3 note = | 44.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 13.3 LOI name = Peerless kaolin date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Peerless china clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.04 Na2O 0.52 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.05 CaO 39.50 Al2O3 44.60 SiO2 1.40 TiO2 0.45 Fe2O3 12.50 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Peerless kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Peerless kaolin - dust hazard note = | Kaolin for casting slips. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (adds to 87%) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.52 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.05 CaO 39.5 Al2O3 note = | 44.6 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.45 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.52 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.05 CaO 39.50 Al2O3 note = | 44.60 SiO2 1.40 TiO2 0.45 Fe2O3 12.50 LOI name = Petalite date = 05/23/98 code = pet type = feldspar mapto = formula = Li2O Al2O3 8 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.55 annote = |Petalite supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Rb2O, Li2O, Na2O, and Fe2O3. note = | A lithium aluminosilicate. Theoretical formula Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = |(4.9% Li2O by weight). Petalite has the lowest coefficient of note = |expansion of any lithium mineral. When heated above 1900F, note = |converts to a solid solution of silica in beta spodumene, a note = |mixture with virtually no thermal expansion. Mainly used in note = |low-expansion flameproof clay bodies. note = | Mined by Bikita Minerals, Bikita, Zimbabwe; imported by Keaney note = |Minerals, Inc. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Keany Minerals Inc.) note = | % 0.6 Na2O 0.25 K2O 0.03 MgO 0.1 CaO 4.4 Li2O note = | 0.01 SrO 0.01 BaO 17.1 Al2O3 76.7 SiO2 note = | 0.01 P2O5 0.01 TiO2 0.03 Fe2O3 note = | 0.01 S 0.03 F 0.10 Rb2O 0.01 MnO2 0.05 Cs2O 0.01 Cr2O3 note = | Hopper: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.06 KNaO 0.01 CaO 1.0 Li2O 1.35 Al2O3 9.16 SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.037) note = | % 3.55 Li2O 0.60 Na2O 0.50 K2O 0.16 MgO 0.89 CaO note = | 16.50 Al2O3 76.70 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.83 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 note = | Cushing: (200 mesh) note = | % 0.5 Na2O 0.2 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.2 CaO 4.3 Li2O 15.9 Al2O3 note = | 78.4 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | Li2O Al2O3 8 SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 4.3 Li2O 17.5 Al2O3 77.0 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.25 Na2O 0.26 K2O 4.32 Li2O 17.50 Al2O3 note = | 77.13 SiO2 0.55 LOI name = Pine ash date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 3.77 Na2O 8.98 K2O 4.45 MgO 39.73 CaO 9.71 Al2O3 24.39 SiO2 2.78 P2O5 3.41 Fe2O3 2.74 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Pine ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO and SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Sanders: note = | % 3.77 Na2O 8.98 K2O 4.45 MgO 39.73 CaO 9.71 Al2O3 note = | 24.39 SiO2 2.78 P2O5 3.41 Fe2O3 2.74 MnO note = | Conrad: note = | % 8.6 Na2O 26.5 K2O 6.3 MgO 25 CaO 0.4 Al2O3 note = | 10 SiO2 8.9 P2O5 4 Fe2O3 5.6 MnO note = | Tichane (TCB): note = | % 3.8 Na2O 9.0 K2O 4.5 MgO 39.7 CaO 9.7 Al2O3 note = | 24.4 SiO2 3.4 Fe2O3 2.8 P2O5 note = | Rogers: note = | % 8.65 Na2O 26.50 K2O 6.32 MgO 25.00 CaO 0.43 Al2O3 note = | 10.00 SiO2 8.8 P2O5 4.00 Fe2O3 5.06 MnO note = | 4.63 SO3 0.52 Cl note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 3.77 Na2O 8.98 K2O 4.45 MgO 39.73CaO 9.71 Al2O3 note = | 24.39 SiO2 4.45 P2O5 3.41 Fe2O3 2.74 MnO note = | Hamer & Hamer: (Scots pine) note = | % 6 Na2O 18 K2O 6 MgO 32 CaO 5 Al2O3 note = | 18 SiO2 7 P2O5 4 Fe2O3 4 MnO name = Pine Lake date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.6 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.3 Al2O3 58.6 SiO2 1.9 TiO2 1.5 Fe2O3 9.5 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Pine Lake supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Pine Lake - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.6 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.3 Al2O3 note = | 58.6 SiO2 1.9 TiO2 1.5 Fe2O3 9.5 LOI name = Pioneer kaolin date = 05/25/98 code = pio type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.04 Na2O 0.14 K2O 0.14 MgO 0.24 CaO 38.51 Al2O3 45.68 SiO2 1.43 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 13.52 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.21 annote = |Pioneer Kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Pioneer Kaolin - dust hazard note = | A secondary (sedimentary) kaolin. note = | Manufactured by Georgia Kaolin Co.; comes from Georgia. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Georgia Kaolin Co.) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.14 K2O 0.14 MgO 0.24 CaO 38.51 Al2O3 note = | 45.68 SiO2 1.43 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 13.52 H2O note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.2 CaO 38.5 Al2O3 note = | 45.7 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI note = | IMC: (mixup on K/Na) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.14 Na2O 0.14 MgO 0.24 CaO 38.51 Al2O3 note = | 45.68 SiO2 1.43 TiO2 0.44 Fe2O3 13.92 H2O name = Plaster of Paris date = 06/03/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = 2 CaO 2 SO3 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.26 annote = |Plaster of Paris provides CaO. note = | Ordinary plaster. Rarely used in glazes. Plaster of Paris is note = |prepared by heating Gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) to 200C; when combined note = |with water, reverts to Gypsum. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 2 CaSO4 H2O note = | Klein & Hurlbut: note = | CaSO4 0.5 H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | CaSO4 0.5 H2O name = Plastic vitrox date = 06/02/98 code = pv type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.29 Na2O 6.81 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.22 CaO 14.87 Al2O3 75.56 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 2.04 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.45 annote = |Plastic vitrox supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. note = | A white plastic feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 0.29 Na2O 6.81 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.22 CaO 14.87 Al2O3 note = | 75.56 SiO2 0.09 Fe2O3 2.04 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | 0.34 Na2O 0.61 K2O 0.04 CaO 1.03 Al2O3 13.9 SiO2 note = | Sanders ("Glazes for Special Effects" 1974): note = | 0.054 Na2O 0.842 K2O 0.045 CaO 0.058 MgO 1.693 Al2O3 note = | 14.634 SiO2 0.005 Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 0.90 Na2O 5.00 K2O 0.50 MgO 1.00 CaO 12.70 Al2O3 note = | 76.50 SiO2 0.10 TiO2 0.50 Fe2O3 2.80 LOI name = Portland cement date = 05/21/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = % 2.0 MgO 62.5 CaO 7.5 Al2O3 22.5 SiO2 2.5 Fe2O3 1.0 Cl2 2.0 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Portland cement supplies SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 2.0 MgO 62.5 CaO 7.5 Al2O3 note = | 22.5 SiO2 2.5 Fe2O3 1.0 Cl2 2.0 LOI name = Potash feldspar date = 05/21/98 code = kfeld aka = Potash spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = Custer feldspar formula = % 2.91 Na2O 10.28 K2O 0.30 CaO 17.35 Al2O3 69.00 SiO2 0.12 Fe2O3 0.04 LOI density = 190.2 available = y costperlb = 0.31 note = | [Map to your favorite potash feldspar (Custer, G-200, etc.)] note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.020) note = | % 2.89 Na2O 12.00 K2O 0.38 CaO 19.0 Al2O3 note = | 65.2 SiO2 0.10 Fe2O3 0.39 LOI note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 3.0 Na2O 10.4 K2O 0.3 CaO 17.5 Al2O3 note = | 68.5 SiO2 0.1 Fe2O3 0.3 LOI name = Potash feldspar - theoretical date = 05/25/98 code = aka = Orthoclase akacode = ortho aka = Microcline akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = K2O Al2O3 6SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = | Theoretical pure potash feldspar (the mineral Orthoclase or note = |Microcline). name = Potassium chromate date = 06/03/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = K2CrO4 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Potassium chromate supplies K2O and Cr2O3. haznote = |Potassium chromate - toxic note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | KCrO4 note = | Parmelee: note = | KCrO4 name = Potassium dichromate date = 05/31/98 code = aka = Potassium bichromate akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = K2Cr2O7 density = 318.0 available = y costperlb = 3.30 annote = |Potassium dichromate supplies K2O and Cr2O3. haznote = |Potassium dichromate - toxic note = | A soluble source of chromium. A bright orange powder. Used in note = |low temperature glazes to make chrome reds. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | K2Cr2O7 note = | Rhodes: note = | K2Cr2O7 note = | Chappell: note = | K2Cr2O7 note = | Cushing: note = | K2Cr2O7 note = | Parmelee: note = | K2Cr2O7 note = | IMC: note = | % 32.0 K2O 51.7 Cr2O3 16.3 LOI name = Potassium permanganate date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = KMnO4 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Potassium permanganate supplies K2O and MnO. haznote = |Potassium permanganate - toxic note = | A soluble source of manganese. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | KMnO4 name = Potassium silicofluoride date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = K2SiF6 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Potassium silicofluoride supplies K2O and SiO2. haznote = |Potassium silicofluoride - toxic; releases fluoring gas haznote = | during firing note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | K2SiF6 name = Potato tuber ash date = 06/05/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = 0.82 K2O 0.13 MgO 0.04 CaO 0.33 Al2O3 1.31 SiO2 0.11 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Potato tuber ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.82 K2O 0.13 MgO 0.04 CaO 0.33 Al2O3 1.31 SiO2 note = | 0.11 P2O5 name = Praseodymium oxide date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Pr2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Praseodymium oxide supplies Pr2O3. note = | Source of praseodymium, used to produce yellow stains. Slightly note = |soluble. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Pr2O3 note = | Chappell: note = | Pr2O3 name = Putnam kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.1 CaO 37.8 Al2O3 47.0 SiO2 0.2 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Putnam kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Putnam kaolin - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.2 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.1 CaO 37.8 Al2O3 note = | 47.0 SiO2 0.2 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 13.5 LOI name = Pyrophyllite date = 05/30/98 code = pyro aka = Pyrax akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.21 annote = |Pyrophyllite supplies SiO2 and Al2O3. note = | An aluminosilicate generally used in tile clays to reduce note = |thermal expansion. Non-plastic, similar in physical properties note = |to a talc. note = | Manufactured by Vanderbilt. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Rhodes: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | % 1.2 Na2O 1.4 K2O 0.1 CaO 20.0 Al2O3 note = | 73.5 SiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 3.3 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Memmott: note = | Al2O3 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 2.3 K2O 14 Al2O3 note = | 81 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.2 Fe2O3 2.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.30 Na2O 1.81 K2O 0.10 MgO 0.10 CaO 16.08 Al2O3 note = | 78.20 SiO2 0.10 TiO2 0.20 Fe2O3 3.10 LOI name = pyrotrol date = 03/07/2007 code = pyrotr type = new mapto = formula = % .2 Na2O .2 K2O 18.9 Al2O3 77 SiO2 .4 TiO2 .4 Fe2O3 2.9 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = |Notes The Pyrotrol group of mineral products offers a controlled note = |blend of milled Andalusite/Pyrophyllite ores designed to control note = |strinkage in whiteware ceramic applications. Pyrotrol reduces note = |thermal expansion, stabilizes shrinkage, widens firing range and note = |reduces warpage. note = | note = |Alumina content is controlled to meet certain specifications. note = |Pyrotrol produces an excellent kiln car wash and is an note = |inexpensive coating material for facebrick production. note = | note = |This material is dry milled and magnetically separated. note = | note = |The analysis shown is an average. note = |Chemistry note = |Fe2O3 0.400 note = |SiO2 77.000 note = |Al2O3 18.900 note = |TiO2 0.400 note = |Na2O 0.200 note = |K2O 0.200 note = | Volatiles note = |LOI 2.800 note = | note = | note = | note = |Properties Body Thermal Expansion - Pyrotrol products impart note = |higher strength in electrical porcelains and reduce dunting note = |problems associated with traditional porcelain bodies if note = |substituted for silica content. Data Specific Gravity: 2.80 PCE: note = |26 Sieve Analysis Dry +200 mesh: 1-3.5% +325: 1-12.5% Bulk note = |Density (lbs/cu. ft): 40-45 Specific Gravity: 2.80 PCE: 26 Sieve note = |Analysis Dry +200 mesh: 1-3.5% +325: 1-12.5% Bulk Density note = |(lbs/cu. ft): 40-45 Suppliers RESCO Products note = | note = |Authors Tony Hansen (Owner) name = Raw sienna date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = 0.4 Al2O3 1.18 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 1.98 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Raw sienna provides SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.4 Al2O3 1.18 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 1.98 H2O name = Raw umber date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = 0.16 MgO 0.28 CaO 0.57 MnO 0.09 Al2O3 0.69 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 2.28 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.20 annote = |Raw umber provides SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, MnO, and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.16 MgO 0.28 CaO 0.57 MnO 0.09 Al2O3 0.69 SiO2 note = | 1.0 Fe2O3 2.28 H2O name = Red clay date = 05/25/98 code = red type = clay mapto = Redart formula = % 0.38 Na2O 4.15 K2O 1.59 MgO 0.26 CaO 15.51 Al2O3 64.95 SiO2 1.09 TiO2 7.05 Fe2O3 0.22 P2O5 4.80 LOI density = 208.6 available = y costperlb = 0.25 annote = |Red clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. haznote = |Red clay - dust hazard note = | Generic red clay. Map to a particular kind of red clay, or use note = |generic formula below. note = | Analyses: (generic Red Clay) note = | Green: note = | 0.01 Na2O 0.10 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.08 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 3.52 SiO2 0.07 TiO2 0.22 Fe2O3 0.93 H2O name = Red copper oxide date = 05/31/98 code = rco aka = Cuprous oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Cu2O density = 526.6 available = y costperlb = 3.55 annote = |Red copper oxide supplies CuO. haznote = |Red copper oxide - toxic note = | A colorant and flux; reduced form of black copper oxide (CuO). note = | Red copper oxide is usually coated with some material to note = |prevent reoxidation, and because of this does not mix well into note = |water. Try washing it with alcohol to remove the coating. note = | Red copper oxide is often used for copper fuming in pit/sagger note = |firing. note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | Cu2O note = | Cushing: note = | Cu2O note = | Memmott: note = | Cu2O note = | Parmelee: note = | Cu2O name = Red Dalton date = 06/02/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.2 Na2O 1.6 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.3 CaO 18.3 Al2O3 63.2 SiO2 1.3 TiO2 6.3 Fe2O3 6.4 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Red Dalton supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Red Dalton - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 1.2 Na2O 1.6 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.3 CaO 18.3 Al2O3 note = | 63.2 SiO2 1.3 TiO2 6.3 Fe2O3 6.4 LOI name = Red iron oxide date = 06/09/98 code = rio aka = Iron oxide - red akacode = aka = Ferric oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Fe2O3 density = 209.6 available = y costperlb = 0.95 annote = |Red iron oxide supplies Fe2O3. note = | Most common source of iron in glazes. Produced by heating note = |iron sulfate or iron hydroxide. There are different grades note = |of red iron oxide - different purities and different particle note = |size distributions and shapes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Cuff: (Hematite) note = | Fe2O3 note = | Chappell: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Cushing: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Memmott: note = | Fe2O3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | % 98 Fe2O3 2 H2O name = Red lead date = 05/17/98 code = aka = Lead tetroxide akacode = aka = Minium akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = Pb3O4 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Red lead supplies PbO. haznote = |Red lead (lead tetroxide) - toxic - contains lead - use of haznote = | this material is not recommended name = Redart date = 06/06/98 code = rart aka = Red Art akacode = aka = Cedar Heights Red Art akacode = aka = Cedar Heights Redart akacode = aka = Redart clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.38 Na2O 4.15 K2O 1.59 MgO 0.26 CaO 15.51 Al2O3 64.95 SiO2 1.09 TiO2 7.05 Fe2O3 0.22 P2O5 4.80 LOI density = 208.6 available = y costperlb = 0.25 annote = |Redart supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Redart - dust hazard note = | An iron-rich clay consisting of clay/shale deposits from a note = |prehistoric lake bed. Contains 40% illite, 10% kaolinite, 7% note = |iron oxide, and 15% mixed layered clays. note = | Manufactured by Cedar Heights Clay Division of Resco Products note = |Inc.; comes from Ohio. note = | Relatively low plasticity, but good brick-red color (best color note = |at c/02 [IMC]). note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: note = | % 0.4 Na2O 4.07 K2O 1.55 MgO 0.23 CaO 16.41 Al2O3 note = | 64.27 SiO2 1.06 TiO2 7.04 Fe2O3 4.92 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.40 Na2O 4.07 K2O 1.55 MgO 0.23 CaO 16.41 Al2O3 note = | 64.27 SiO2 1.06 TiO2 7.04 Fe2O3 4.78 LOI note = | Chappell: (slight variance from C&R) note = | % 4.07 Na2O 0.40 K2O 1.55 MgO 0.23 CaO 16.41 Al2O3 note = | 64.24 SiO2 1.06 TiO2 7.04 Fe2O3 4.78 LOI note = | Cushing: (probable error in SiO2) note = | % 0.40 Na2O 4.07 K2O 1.55 MgO 0.23 CaO 16.4 Al2O3 note = | 54.3 SiO2 1.06 TiO2 7.04 Fe2O3 0.17 P2O5 4.78 LOI 0.24 SO3 note = | Tichane (AG, TCB, CB): note = | % 0.4 Na2O 4.1 K2O 1.6 MgO 0.2 CaO 16.4 Al2O3 note = | 64.3 SiO2 1.1 TiO2 7.0 Fe2O3 4.8 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.38 Na2O 4.15 K2O 1.59 MgO 0.26 CaO 15.51 Al2O3 note = | 64.95 SiO2 1.09 TiO2 7.05 Fe2O3 0.22 P2O5 note = | 4.80 LOI name = Rice hull ash date = 04/03/97 code = aka = Rice husk ash akacode = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.26 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.48 CaO 1 Al2O3 96 SiO2 0.02 P2O5 0.16 TiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.19 MnO 0.96 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Rice hull ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Sanders: note = | % 0.26 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.48 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 96 SiO2 0.02 P2O5 0.16 TiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.19 MnO 0.96 LOI note = | Conrad: note = | % 0.26 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.22 MgO 0.48 CaO 1 Al2O3 note = | 96 SiO2 0.02 P2O5 0.04 Fe2O3 0.19 MnO note = | (Claims this analysis is from from Cardew, but there is no rice note = | hull in Cardew. Looks like it came from Sanders, but with errors.) note = | Rogers (appendix): note = | % 1.35 K2O 1.04 CaO 1.78 Al2O3 note = | 94.36 SiO2 0.61 Fe2O3 name = Rice straw ash date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 0.36 Na2O 2.48 K2O 1.35 MgO 3.69 CaO 1.36 Al2O3 82.18 SiO2 0.68 P2O5 0.42 Fe2O3 0.38 SO3 7.1 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Rice straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Cardew: note = | % 0.36 Na2O 2.48 K2O 1.35 MgO 3.69 CaO 1.36 Al2O3 note = | 82.18 SiO2 0.68 P2O5 0.42 Fe2O3 0.38 SO3 6.2 LOI note = | (Ware-bai) note = | (E. Kato, Interceram, 2 (1962) 110) note = | Sanders: note = | % 0.77 Na2O 3.57 K2O 1.38 MgO 3.07 CaO 1.13 Al2O3 note = | 40 SiO2 2.51 P2O5 0.26 Fe2O3 0.30 MnO 47.26 LOI note = | Rogers: note = | % 0.96 Na2O 1.68 K2O 2.44 MgO 4.00 CaO 9.11 Al2O3 note = | 77.68 SiO2 0.90 P2O5 2.93 Fe2O3 name = Rotten stone date = 05/23/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 8.62 KNaO 2.92 MgO 17.68 Al2O3 60.65 SiO2 9.04 Fe2O3 1.09 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Rotten stone supplies SiO2, Al2O3, KNaO, MgO, and Fe2O3. note = | A soft, crumbly stone resulting from the decomposition of a note = |siliceous limestone, or shelly sandstone, whose CaO component note = |has been mostly dissolved by water. Contains V and Ti impurities. note = | Manufactured by Empire White Products Co. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Empire Products Co.) note = | % 8.62 KNaO 2.92 CaO+MgO 17.68 Al2O3 note = | 60.65 SiO2 9.04 Fe2O3 1.09 H2O note = | (she also provides an emission spectrum analysis showing note = | Al, Fe, Ti, and Si as major constituents, plus 10% MgO, note = | 0.1% CaO, 0.08% V, 0.5% Na2O) name = Rutile date = 06/09/98 code = rut type = colorant mapto = formula = % 90 TiO2 10 Fe2O3 density = 347.6 available = y costperlb = 1.95 annote = |Rutile supplies TiO2 and Fe2O3. note = | Natural source of titanium with iron impurities. (Parmelee note = |indicates that up to 25% FeO may be in solution in the crystal.) note = |Rutile may also contain silica, chromium, and vanadium. Can be note = |very fluid in reduction [Memmott]. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | TiO2 note = | Chappell: (questionable) note = | FeTiO3 note = | Memmott: note = | TiO2 with iron traces note = | IMC: (no iron?) note = | % 96.10 TiO2 0.90 ZrO2 0.30 Al2O3 0.10 LOI name = Rye straw ash date = 06/01/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = 0.68 K2O 0.11 MgO 0.21 CaO 0.54 Al2O3 3.36 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.07 P2O5 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Rye straw ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and K2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.68 K2O 0.11 MgO 0.21 CaO 0.54 Al2O3 3.36 SiO2 note = | 0.04 Fe2O3 0.07 P2O5 note = | Rogers: note = | % 1.74 Na2O 22.56 K2O 3.10 MgO 8.20 CaO note = | 49.27 SiO2 6.53 P2O5 1.91 Fe2O3 note = | 4.25 SO3 2.18 Cl name = Salt date = 05/30/98 code = salt aka = Sodium chloride akacode = aka = Sea salt akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = NaCl density = 304.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Salt supplies Na2O. note = | A soluble but pure source of sodium. Occasionally used as an note = |ingredient in shino glazes; introduced into the kiln during note = |salt firings. Salt is sometimes introduced into a frit batch note = |to help vaporize some of the iron, thereby bleaching the frit. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | NaCl note = | Chappell: note = | NaCl note = | Memmott: note = | NaCl note = | Parmelee: note = | NaCl name = Selenium date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Se density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Selenium supplies SeO2. haznote = |Selenium - toxic note = | Source of selenium, usually used in conjunction with cadmium note = |to produce low-fire oranges and reds. Can also be used as note = |sodium selenite (Na2O SeO2) or barium selenite (BaO SeO2). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Se name = Shale date = 06/03/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.4 Na2O 3.7 K2O 1.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 19.6 Al2O3 61.2 SiO2 1.0 TiO2 7.4 Fe2O3 4.6 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Shale supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Shale - dust hazard note = | Alfred shale: Plastic shale, very high iron. Shale in general note = |is a rock of mixed mineral content; typically might contain clay note = |minerals, quartz, feldspar, and limestone, as well as some iron. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (Alfred shale)(adds to 105%; no LOI) note = | % 1.3 Na2O 4.5 K2O 2.1 MgO 0.36 CaO 19.2 Al2O3 note = | 58.3 SiO2 0.91 TiO2 18.1 Fe2O3 note = | Tichane (AG, TCB): (NY shale) note = | % 0.6 Na2O 3.3 K2O 2.0 MgO 0.6 CaO 15.4 Al2O3 note = | 64.6 SiO2 0.9 TiO2 7.2 Fe2O3 3.9 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (Alfred shale) note = | % 1.4 Na2O 3.7 K2O 1.3 MgO 0.4 CaO 19.6 Al2O3 note = | 61.2 SiO2 1.0 TiO2 7.4 Fe2O3 4.6 LOI name = Sheffield clay date = 05/26/98 code = shef type = clay mapto = formula = % 1.2 Na2O 4.05 K2O 3.53 MgO 3.2 CaO 19.58 Al2O3 51.02 SiO2 0.97 TiO2 8.46 Fe2O3 7.99 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |Sheffield clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, K2O, MgO, CaO, annote = | and Na2O. annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Sheffield clay - dust hazard note = | An iron-rich clay consisting of biotite, hornblende, and other note = |high Fe/Mg rock deposits from a glacial lake formed during the note = |Wisconsin Ice Age (10-15 thousand years ago). Contains chlorite, note = |biotite, and quartz. note = | Manufactured by Sheffield Pottery; comes from Sheffield, MA. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler (adds to 92% - added 8% LOI to above): note = | % 1.2 Na2O 4.05 K2O 3.53 MgO 3.2 CaO 19.58 Al2O3 note = | 51.02 SiO2 0.97 TiO2 8.46 Fe2O3 7.99 LOI name = Sil-o-spar date = 05/23/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.86 Na2O 2.86 K2O 1.05 CaO 13.47 Al2O3 77.37 SiO2 0.057 Fe2O3 0.07 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sil-o-spar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Blend of feldspar and silica. note = | Manufactured by Feldspar Corporation. Ground to 170 mesh; note = |recommended for use in casting slips. note = | Analyses: note = | Feldspar Corp.: (2001) note = | % 4.86 Na2O 2.86 K2O 1.05 CaO 13.47 Al2O3 note = | 77.37 SiO2 0.057 Fe2O3 0.07 LOI name = Silica date = 05/30/98 code = sil aka = Flint akacode = fl aka = Quartz akacode = qtz type = silica mapto = formula = SiO2 density = 219.0 available = y costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Silica supplies SiO2. haznote = |Silica - dust hazard note = |325 mesh. note = |Silica is a pure source of SiO2. Mineralogically, there are two note = |main sources of silica for potters. First, there is the mineral note = |Flint, an amorphous form of silica crystallized from water, and note = |often containing calcium impurities. This is the predominant note = |source of silica for potters in Europe. Second, there is the note = |mineral Quartz, usually in the form of sandstone. Sandstone is note = |an extremely widespread rock type in the U.S., so American note = |potters usually obtain silica from this source. note = | The largest supplier of silica to potters in the U.S. is the note = |U.S. Silica Co., who obtains silica from Devonian sandstones note = |(400 million years ago) in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. note = |It is supplied in several mesh sizes under the trade name note = |Sil-Co-Sil (or Supersil): note = | Sil-Co-Sil #75 200 mesh note = | #63 270 mesh note = | #52 325 mesh note = | #38 400 mesh note = | The mesh size is very important, both in clays and in glazes. note = |The mesh size affects the effective reactivity of the silica note = |(finer is more reactive), which determines how much silica is note = |changed to the glassy state and how much remains as quartz. note = |This affects the glossiness and transparency of glazes, and the note = |thermal expansion characteristics of both clay and glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (U.S. Silica, 1989) note = | % 99.67 SiO2 0.100 Al2O3 0.025 Fe2O3 0.020 TiO2 0.180 LOI note = | (less than 0.01 CaO and MgO) note = | Hopper: note = | SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: (also listed as Silica oxide, Silver Sand) note = | SiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.040 - Quartz) note = | % 0.13 Al2O3 99.50 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 0.17 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. - Flint) note = | % 0.01 Na2O 0.11 K2O 0.47 CaO 0.26 Al2O3 note = | 98.6 SiO2 0.02 Fe2O3 0.33 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | SiO2 note = | Tichane (TCB): (Silica sand) note = | % 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 0.5 Al2O3 note = | 98.5 SiO2 0.01 TiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.1 LOI note = | IMC: (Flint) note = | % 3.5 CaO 93.0 SiO2 3.50 LOI name = Silicon carbide date = 05/28/98 code = sic aka = Carborundum akacode = type = silica mapto = formula = SiC density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 4.95 annote = |Silicon carbide supplies SiO2. note = | A fusion of sand and coke. Used in kiln shelves and other parts. note = |Fine grades can be used in small quantities to produce local note = |reduction effects in oxidation-fired glazes; larger amounts or note = |larger grain sizes can be used to form cratered surfaces. note = | For use in local reduction glazes, get grade FFF (450 to note = |600 mesh). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | SiC note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | SiC note = | Chappell: (incorrect) note = | SiO note = | Cushing: note = | SiC note = | IMC: note = | SiC name = Sillimanite date = 05/30/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = Al2O3 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sillimanite provides SiO2 and Al2O3. note = | Used in kiln shelves and refractories. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Al2O3 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | Al2O3 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | Al2O3 SiO2 name = Silver carbonate date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Ag2CO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Silver carbonate supplies AgO. haznote = |Silver carbonate - toxic note = | Source of silver, usually used in lusters. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Ag2CO3 name = Silver chloride date = 06/02/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = AgCl density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Silver chloride supplies AgO. haznote = |Silver chloride - toxic note = | Source of silver, usually used in lusters. Usually combined with note = |bismuth to make a c/019 overglaze luster. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | AgCl name = Silver nitrate date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = AgNO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 154.00 annote = |Silver nitrate supplies AgO. haznote = |Silver nitrate - toxic and corrosive note = | Source of silver, usually used in lusters and raku glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | AgNO3 name = Soda ash date = 06/05/98 code = soda aka = Sodium carbonate akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O CO2 density = 214.8 available = y costperlb = 0.43 annote = |Soda ash supplies Na2O. haznote = |Soda ash - caustic note = | A soluble but pure source of sodium. Used as an ingredient in note = |carbon-trap glazes, as a deflocculant in casting slips, as note = |a source of sodium in soda firings, and as an ingredient in note = |Egyptian Paste. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Chappell: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Cushing: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Memmott: note = | Na2CO3 note = | Grebanier: note = | Na2CO3 10 H2O (crystal) (sal soda) note = | Na2CO3 (fused) (soda ash) note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2CO3 10 H2O (crystal) note = | Na2CO3 (fused) note = | Hamer: note = | Na2CO3 10 H2O (washing soda) note = | Na2CO3 (soda ash) note = | IMC: note = | % 21.70 Na2O 78.30 LOI name = Soda feldspar date = 05/21/98 code = nafeld aka = Soda spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = Kona F-4 feldspar formula = % 6.90 Na2O 4.8 K2O 0.05 MgO 1.70 CaO 19.60 Al2O3 66.80 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.20 LOI density = 196.2 available = y costperlb = 0.35 note = | [Map to your favorite soda feldspar, or use one of the analyses note = |below.] note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.021) note = | % 7.48 Na2O 2.78 K2O 1.88 CaO 19.00 Al2O3 note = | 67.90 SiO2 0.11 Fe2O3 0.29 LOI note = | Tichane (AG): note = | % 7.0 Na2O 4.5 K2O 1.8 CaO 19.7 Al2O3 66.8 SiO2 note = | Parmelee: (typical) note = | % 9.37 Na2O 0.41 K2O 2.06 CaO 21.76 Al2O3 note = | 66.22 SiO2 0.04 Fe2O3 0.16 LOI name = Soda feldspar - theoretical date = 05/25/98 code = aka = Albite akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = Na2O Al2O3 6SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 note = | Theoretical pure soda feldspar (the mineral Albite). name = Sodium aluminate date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O Al2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium aluminate supplies Na2O and Al2O3. note = | Used to prevent casting slips from settling. note = | Analyses: note = | Memmott: note = | Na2O Al2O3 name = Sodium antimonate date = 05/30/98 code = type = opacifier mapto = formula = Na2O Sb2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium antimonate supplies Na2O and Sb2O3. haznote = |Sodium antimonate - toxic note = | Used as an opacifier in enamels; doesn't function well in glazes note = |above 1000C. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2O Sb2O3 note = | 2 NaSbO3 7 H2O name = Sodium biborate date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium biborate supplies Na2O and B2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2O 2 B2O3 10 H2O name = Sodium bicarbonate date = 05/30/98 code = bicarb type = flux mapto = formula = NaHCO3 density = 179.2 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium bicarbonate supplies Na2O. note = | A semisoluble source of pure sodium. Used as a source of sodium note = |in soda firings, and as an ingredient in Egyptian Paste. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | NaHCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | NaHCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | NaHCO3 name = Sodium nitrate date = 06/03/98 code = aka = Soda nitre akacode = aka = Chile saltpeter akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = NaNO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.20 annote = |Sodium nitrate supplies Na2O. note = | A soluble but pure source of sodium. Powerful oxidant, not note = |generally used in glazes because of its cost. note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | NaNO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | NaNO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 36.5 Na2O 63.5 LOI name = Sodium phosphate date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = 2 Na2O P2O5 21 H2O density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium phosphate supplies Na2O and P2O5. note = | Deflocculant for thin glaze and enamel slips. Used in making note = |terra sigillata. Similar to tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na2P2O7) note = |and sodium hexametaphosphate (Calgon). note = | Analyses: note = | Grebanier: note = | Na2HPO4 10 H2O note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2HPO4 10 H2O note = | IMC: note = | Na2HPO4 12 H2O name = Sodium selenite date = 06/04/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = Na2O SeO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium selenite supplies Na2O and SeO2. haznote = |Sodium selenite - toxic note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2SeO3 name = Sodium silicate date = 05/30/98 code = sodsil aka = Water glass akacode = aka = Waterglass akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.55 annote = |Sodium silicate supplies Na2O and SiO2. note = | Generally used as a deflocculant in casting slips. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Na2O xSiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | Na2O SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 50.78 SiO2 49.22 SiO2 note = | note = | Approximate cost: $4.00/pint (Axner, 2001) name = Sodium silicofluoride date = 05/31/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2SiF6 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.50 annote = |Sodium silicofluoride supplies K2O and SiO2. haznote = |Sodium silicofluoride - toxic; releases fluoring gas haznote = | during firing note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2SiF6 name = Sodium sulfate date = 06/02/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = Na2O SO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.85 annote = |Sodium sulfate supplies Na2O. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2SO4 note = | IMC: note = | Na2SO4 10 H2O name = Sodium uranate date = 05/31/98 code = aka = Uranium yellow akacode = aka = Yellow uranium oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Na2O UO3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sodium uranate supplies Na2O and U3O8. haznote = |Sodium uranate - toxic and radioactive - use of this material is haznote = | not recommended note = | Source of uranium. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Na2O UO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | Na2U2O7 6 H2O name = Softwood ash date = 03/23/98 code = aka = Mixed softwood ash akacode = type = flux mapto = Pine ash formula = % 3.77 Na2O 8.98 K2O 4.45 MgO 39.73 CaO 9.71 Al2O3 24.39 SiO2 2.78 P2O5 3.41 Fe2O3 2.74 MnO density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Softwood ash supplies fluxes. haznote = |Softwood ash - caustic note = | Map to a particular wood ash. name = Sparks kaolin date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 37.5 Al2O3 46.1 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 14.1 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Sparks kaolin supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small amounts annote = | of several fluxes. haznote = |Sparks kaolin - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.9 K2O 37.5 Al2O3 note = | 46.1 SiO2 0.1 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 14.1 LOI name = Spodumene date = 05/24/98 code = spod type = feldspar mapto = formula = Li2O 1.16 Al2O3 4.37 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Spodumene supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and Li2O. note = | [Theoretical formula Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 (8% Li2O by weight). Use note = |the theoretical formula, or map to a particular type of note = |spodumene. Typical density 293.0 g/c] note = | Spodumene is a lithium aluminosilicate similar in function to note = |feldspars. Used in high-fire glazes and in some clay bodies. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Cyprus Foote high-iron; chemical grade 200 mesh) note = | % 0.60 Na2O 1.18 K2O 5.78 Li2O 24.80 Al2O3 63.00 SiO2 note = | 2.28 Fe2O3 note = | Obstler: (TANCO Canadian; chemical grade 200 mesh) note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.20 K2O 7.10 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 65.00 SiO2 note = | 0.35 P2O5 0.12 Fe2O3 0.06 MnO2 note = | Obstler: (Lithium Australia Ltd.; concentrate) note = | % 0.35 Na2O 0.15 K2O 0.10 CaO 7.50 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 note = | 62.50 SiO2 0.25 P2O5 0.10 Fe2O3 0.05 MnO2 note = | Hopper: note = | Li2O Al2O3 3SiO2 note = | Green: note = | 0.06 KNaO 0.01 MgO 0.01 CaO 1.0 Li2O 0.83 Al2O3 5.99 SiO2 note = | 0.01 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 note = | Rhodes: note = | Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | 1.0 Li2O 1.16 Al2O3 4.37 SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 0.46 Na2O 0.69 K2O 6.78 Li2O 0.11 CaO 0.13 MgO note = | 28.42 Al2O3 62.91 SiO2 0.53 Fe2O3 0.28 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.31 Na2O 0.12 K2O 7.60 Li2O 0.05 CaO 26.00 Al2O3 note = | 64.50 SiO2 0.07 Fe2O3 0.01 TiO2 1.34 LOI name = Spodumene - Australian date = 05/24/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.35 Na2O 0.15 K2O 0.10 CaO 7.50 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 62.50 SiO2 0.25 P2O5 0.10 Fe2O3 0.05 MnO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.10 annote = |Australian spodumene supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, CaO, annote = | P2O5, Fe2O3, and MnO2. note = | A low-iron spodumene manufactured by Lithium Australia Ltd. note = |in Greenbushes, Western Australia. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Concentrate) note = | % 0.35 Na2O 0.15 K2O 0.10 CaO 7.50 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 note = | 62.50 SiO2 0.25 P2O5 0.10 Fe2O3 0.05 MnO2 name = Spodumene - Canadian date = 05/24/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.30 Na2O 0.20 K2O 7.10 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 65.00 SiO2 0.35 P2O5 0.12 Fe2O3 0.06 MnO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Canadian spodumene supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, annote = | P2O5, MnO2, and Fe2O3. note = | A low-iron spodumene manufactured by TANCO Tantalum Mining note = |Corporation, Manitoba, Canada. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Chemical grade 200 mesh) note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.20 K2O 7.10 Li2O 25.00 Al2O3 65.00 SiO2 note = | 0.35 P2O5 0.12 Fe2O3 0.06 MnO2 name = Spodumene - High iron date = 05/24/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 0.60 Na2O 1.18 K2O 5.78 Li2O 24.80 Al2O3 63.00 SiO2 2.28 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 1.35 annote = |High iron spodumene supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Fe2O3, K2O, annote = | and Na2O. note = | Formerly minded/manufactured by Cyprus Specialty Metals (Foote note = |Mineral Company); mine located in Kings Mountain, NC. As of 1990 note = |the mine was "temporarily closed." note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Chemical grade 200 mesh) note = | % 0.60 Na2O 1.18 K2O 5.78 Li2O 24.80 Al2O3 63.00 SiO2 note = | 2.28 Fe2O3 name = Spodumene - theoretical date = 05/25/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.55 annote = |Spodumene supplies SiO2, Al2O3, and Li2O. note = | Theoretical pure spodumene. name = Spruce ash date = 06/04/98 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 8.99 Na2O 6.53 K2O 10.99 MgO 8.56 CaO 2.19 Al2O3 19.01 SiO2 8.65 P2O5 2.46 Fe2O3 32.62 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Spruce ash supplies several oxides, especially SiO2 and MgO. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 8.99 Na2O 6.53 K2O 10.99 MgO 8.56 CaO 2.19 Al2O3 note = | 19.01 SiO2 8.65 P2O5 2.46 Fe2O3 note = | Rogers: note = | % 1.37 Na2O 19.66 K2O 11.27 MgO 33.97 CaO note = | 2.73 SiO2 2.12 P2O5 1.42 Fe2O3 22.96 MnO note = | 2.64 SO3 0.07 Cl note = | Hamer & Hamer: note = | % 10 Na2O 14 K2O 10 MgO 55 CaO note = | 4 SiO2 7 P2O5 name = Spruce Pine #4 date = 06/02/98 code = aka = Spruce Pine #4 feldspar akacode = aka = Spruce Pine #4 spar akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 6.23 Na2O 4.99 K2O 1.55 CaO 19.05 Al2O3 68.14 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Spruce Pine #4 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, annote = | and Fe2O3. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: note = | % 6.22 Na2O 4.98 K2O 0.01 MgO 1.54 CaO 19.01 Al2O3 note = | 67.9 SiO2 0.05 Fe2O3 0.08 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 6.23 Na2O 4.99 K2O 1.55 CaO 19.05 Al2O3 note = | 68.14 SiO2 0.06 Fe2O3 name = Standard borax frit date = 05/21/98 code = borfrit type = frit mapto = Frit 36.2.192 formula = % 9.0 Na2O 1.2 K2O 15.0 CaO 7.5 Al2O3 18.3 B2O3 49.0 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = | Map to your favorite borax frit. note = | American substitute: Frit 3134. name = Stannous chloride date = 05/30/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = SnCl2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Stannous chloride supplies SnO2. note = | A soluble form of tin used to fume pots to produce iridescence. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | SnCl2 name = Strontium carbonate date = 05/28/98 code = sr type = flux mapto = formula = SrO CO2 density = 240.2 available = y costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Strontium carbonate supplies SrO. note = | The main source of strontium in glazes. Can sometimes replace note = |Barium carbonate in glazes (75% as much strontium as there was note = |barium, by weight), in order to decrease toxicity. Has also been note = |investigated as a replacement for calcium, zinc, and lead note = |[Parmelee]. note = | Strontium carbonate may originate from the mineral Strontianite note = |(SrCO3), but more often is refined from Celestite (SrSO4). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | SrCO3 note = | Rhodes: note = | SrCO3 note = | Cuff: note = | SrCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | SrCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | SrCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | SrCO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 70.20 SrO 29.80 CO2 name = Superpax date = 05/30/98 code = suppax type = opacifier mapto = formula = % 31.04 SiO2 61.06 ZrO2 density = 218.0 available = y costperlb = 2.10 annote = |Superpax supplies ZrO2 and SiO2. note = | A fritted zirconium opacifier; very fine grain. note = | Manufactured by TAM. (No longer available as of 2/2001.) note = | Analyses: note = | IMC: note = | % 31.04 SiO2 61.06 ZrO2 name = Talc date = 05/28/98 code = talc st aka = Steatite akacode = aka = French chalk akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = % 0.34 Na2O 30.0 MgO 8.42 CaO 0.31 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 0.16 Fe2O3 0.17 MnO 5.41 LOI density = 237.6 available = y costperlb = 0.28 annote = |Talc supplies SiO2, MgO, CaO, and small amounts of Na2O, Al2O3, annote = | Fe2O3, and MnO. haznote = |Talc - dust hazard note = | TX talc is reported to be less gassy than NY talc. note = | note = |Talc is a magnesium silicate mineral with theoretical note = |composition 3MgO 4SiO2 H2O. Rocks made of talc are also known as note = |Soapstone or Steatite. note = | The talc used by potters (tremolitic talc) is usually a mixture note = |of the minerals Tremolite (2CaO 5MgO 8SiO2 H2O), Serpentine note = |(3MgO 2SiO2 2H2O), and Talc (3MgO 4SiO2 H2O), in an note = |approximately 2:1:1 ratio by weight. Talc is formed by a complex note = |metamorphic process from quartzite and dolomite. The process note = |occurs in several stages; each stage produces a later mineral in note = |the sequence. note = | New York talc is mined by R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. in St. note = |Lawrence County, NY. This talc was formed in the Precambrian note = |(over 600 million years ago). note = | Talc is a common flux in low-fire clay bodies, especially white note = |clay bodies, and is used as a flux in stoneware glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (NYTAL 100HR 200 mesh) note = | % 0.34 Na2O 30.0 MgO 8.42 CaO 0.31 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 note = | 0.16 Fe2O3 0.17 MnO 5.41 LOI note = | Obstler: (CERAMITALC No. 1 325 mesh) note = | % 0.18 Na2O 29.0 MgO 6.94 CaO 0.29 Al2O3 56.8 SiO2 note = | 0.20 Fe2O3 0.13 MnO 6.46 LOI note = | Hopper: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.046) note = | % 33.40 MgO 0.42 CaO 0.15 Al2O3 58.30 SiO2 note = | 0.22 Fe2O3 7.33 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cuff: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Memmott: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Tichane (CB): (NY Talc) note = | % 30.4 MgO 8.0 CaO 1.1 Al2O3 note = | 56.6 SiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 3.5 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (NC Talc) note = | % 34.2 MgO 0.6 CaO 5.8 Al2O3 note = | 50.2 SiO2 1.6 Fe2O3 7.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 33.46 MgO 66.54 SiO2 name = Talc theoretical date = 05/28/98 code = talc aka = Steatite akacode = aka = French chalk akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O density = 237.6 available = y costperlb = 0.28 annote = |Talc supplies SiO2, MgO, CaO, and small amounts of Na2O, Al2O3, annote = | Fe2O3, and MnO. haznote = |Talc - dust hazard note = | TX talc is reported to be less gassy than NY talc. note = | note = |Talc is a magnesium silicate mineral with theoretical note = |composition 3MgO 4SiO2 H2O. Rocks made of talc are also known as note = |Soapstone or Steatite. note = | The talc used by potters (tremolitic talc) is usually a mixture note = |of the minerals Tremolite (2CaO 5MgO 8SiO2 H2O), Serpentine note = |(3MgO 2SiO2 2H2O), and Talc (3MgO 4SiO2 H2O), in an note = |approximately 2:1:1 ratio by weight. Talc is formed by a complex note = |metamorphic process from quartzite and dolomite. The process note = |occurs in several stages; each stage produces a later mineral in note = |the sequence. note = | New York talc is mined by R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. in St. note = |Lawrence County, NY. This talc was formed in the Precambrian note = |(over 600 million years ago). note = | Talc is a common flux in low-fire clay bodies, especially white note = |clay bodies, and is used as a flux in stoneware glazes. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (NYTAL 100HR 200 mesh) note = | % 0.34 Na2O 30.0 MgO 8.42 CaO 0.31 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 note = | 0.16 Fe2O3 0.17 MnO 5.41 LOI note = | Obstler: (CERAMITALC No. 1 325 mesh) note = | % 0.18 Na2O 29.0 MgO 6.94 CaO 0.29 Al2O3 56.8 SiO2 note = | 0.20 Fe2O3 0.13 MnO 6.46 LOI note = | Hopper: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.046) note = | % 33.40 MgO 0.42 CaO 0.15 Al2O3 58.30 SiO2 note = | 0.22 Fe2O3 7.33 LOI note = | Rhodes: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cuff: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Memmott: note = | 3 MgO 4 SiO2 H2O note = | Tichane (CB): (NY Talc) note = | % 30.4 MgO 8.0 CaO 1.1 Al2O3 note = | 56.6 SiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 3.5 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): (NC Talc) note = | % 34.2 MgO 0.6 CaO 5.8 Al2O3 note = | 50.2 SiO2 1.6 Fe2O3 7.5 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 33.46 MgO 66.54 SiO2 name = Tennessee #1 date = 06/04/98 code = tenn1 aka = Tennessee #1 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.5 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 32.7 Al2O3 50.6 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.5 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.18 annote = |Tennessee #1 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Tennessee #1 - dust hazard note = | Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company; comes from note = |western Tennessee. note = | Analyses: note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.5 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.1 MgO 0.3 CaO 32.7 Al2O3 note = | 50.6 SiO2 1.5 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.5 LOI name = Tennessee #10 date = 05/25/98 code = tenn10 aka = Tennessee #10 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.5 Na2O 0.7 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 33.2 Al2O3 50.4 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 12.1 LOI density = 115.0 available = n costperlb = 0.22 annote = |Tennessee #10 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Tennessee #10 - dust hazard note = | Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company; comes from note = |western Tennessee. note = | Analyses: note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.5 Na2O 0.7 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 33.2 Al2O3 note = | 50.4 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 12.1 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.5 Na2O 0.7 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.3 CaO 33.2 Al2O3 note = | 50.4 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.9 Fe2O3 12.1 LOI name = Tennessee #5 date = 05/25/98 code = tenn5 aka = Tennessee #5 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI density = 111.0 available = n costperlb = 0.20 annote = |Tennessee #5 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Tennessee #5 - dust hazard note = | Tennessee #5 has an intermediate grain size and good note = |plasticity; especially useful in casting slips. note = | Contains 63% kaolinite, 21% free quartz, 8% feldspar, and 5% note = |organic material. Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay note = |Company; comes from western Tennessee. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co., 1988) note = | % 0.2 Na2O 1.3 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.4 CaO 26.3 Al2O3 note = | 55.4 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1 Fe2O3 13.7 LOI note = | Cooper & Royle: (Appendix 8) note = | % 0.8 Na2O 1.5 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.3 CaO 31.1 Al2O3 note = | 53.3 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI note = | Chappell: (slight variance from C&R) note = | % 0.8 Na2O 1.5 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.3 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 note = | 53.3 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI note = | Tichane (TCB, CB): note = | % 0.8 Na2O 1.5 K2O 0.3 CaO 0.2 MgO 30.1 Al2O3 note = | 53.3 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.3 CaO 27.9 Al2O3 note = | 55.2 SiO2 1.2 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI name = Tennessee #9 date = 06/01/98 code = tenn9 aka = Tennessee #9 ball clay akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 0.4 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.5 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 54.2 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI density = 118.0 available = n costperlb = 0.27 annote = |Tennessee #9 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Tennessee #9 - dust hazard note = | Off-white, light-firing ball clay. note = | Contains 74% kaolinite, 17% free quartz, 5% feldspar, and 1% note = |organic material. Manufactured by the Kentucky-Tennessee Clay note = |Company; comes from western Tennessee. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co., 1988) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.8 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.6 CaO 30.6 Al2O3 note = | 51.8 SiO2 2 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.4 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.5 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 note = | 54.2 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.8 K2O 0.5 MgO 0.6 CaO 30.6 Al2O3 note = | 51.8 SiO2 2.0 TiO2 0.8 Fe2O3 12.6 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.4 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.5 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 note = | 54.2 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI name = Tennessee ball clay date = 03/06/2001 code = TN ball type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.3 Na2O 0.4 K2O 0.4 MgO 0.5 CaO 30.1 Al2O3 54.2 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 11.4 LOI density = 118.0 available = y costperlb = 0.27 annote = |Tennessee ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Tennessee ball clay - dust hazard note = |Generic Tennessee ball clay; map to your favorite. name = Thomas ball clay date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.08 Na2O 0.40 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.06 CaO 26.50 Al2O3 59.40 SiO2 1.60 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 10.74 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.17 annote = |Thomas ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Thomas ball clay - dust hazard note = | A Tennessee ball clay. Manufactured by Old Hickory Clay Co. note = | Analyses: note = | Old Hickory Clay Co.: (2001) note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.40 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.06 CaO 26.50 Al2O3 note = | 59.40 SiO2 1.60 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 10.74 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.0 K2O 0.6 MgO 0.2 CaO 27.0 Al2O3 note = | 58.1 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 13.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.40 K2O 0.20 MgO 0.06 CaO 26.50 Al2O3 note = | 59.40 SiO2 1.60 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 10.60 LOI name = Tile 6 clay date = 05/25/98 code = T6 aka = Tile #6 kaolin akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = 0.028 Na2O 0.634 MgO 0.338 CaO 16.502 Al2O3 34.381 SiO2 0.783 TiO2 0.097 Fe2O3 33.984 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |#6 Tile clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |#6 Tile clay - dust hazard note = | A secondary (sedimentary) kaolin. note = | Manufactured by Georgia Kaolin Co.; comes from Georgia. note = | Plastic, off-white, fine-grained, high shrinkage. Good flashing note = |slip in salt/soda. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Cushing 1986) note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 46.9 SiO2 note = | 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.9 H2O note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 note = | 46.9 SiO2 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.9 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.6 MgO 0.4 CaO 38.2 Al2O3 note = | 46.9 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.4 Fe2O3 13.9 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.04 Na2O 0.58 MgO 0.43 CaO 38.20 Al2O3 46.90 SiO2 note = | 1.42 TiO2 0.35 Fe2O3 13.90 LOI name = Tin oxide date = 05/30/98 code = sn aka = Stannic oxide akacode = aka = tin akacode = type = opacifier mapto = formula = SnO2 density = 205.0 available = y costperlb = 10.35 annote = |Tin oxide supplies SnO2. note = | A highly effective whitener and opacifier used in low and high note = |temperature glazes. Enhances color development of copper reds, note = |iron reds, and chrome pinks. note = | Prepared from the mineral Cassiterite. note = | There are two types of tin oxide - white (SnO2) and black (SnO). note = |White can be reduced to black above 200C, black oxidized to note = |white above 700C. Both opacify, but black tin oxide causes a note = |gray cloudiness - thus reduction can "ruin" a tin-opacified glaze note = |[IMC]. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | SnO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | SnO2 note = | Rhodes: note = | SnO2 note = | Chappell: note = | SnO2 note = | Cushing: note = | SnO2 note = | Memmott: note = | SnO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | SnO2 (stannic), SnO (stannous) note = | IMC: note = | SnO2 name = Titanium dioxide date = 05/30/98 code = ti aka = Titanium oxide akacode = aka = Anatase akacode = type = opacifier mapto = formula = TiO2 density = 231.0 available = y costperlb = 3.00 annote = |Titanium dioxide supplies TiO2. note = | A versatile opacifier that produces interesting surface and note = |color effects. Tends to promote microcrystalline formations in note = |glazes; produces cobalt greens and copper red purples. In excess note = |can result in dry, pinholed surfaces. note = | Naturally occurs as the minerals Anatase, Rutile, and Brookite. note = |Anatase and Brookite are usually fairly pure and (according to note = |Hamer) the usual source of white TiO2. IMC indicates that TiO2 note = |is usually produced by refining Ilmenite (FeTiO3). note = | During firing, forms sphene (CaO TiO2 SiO2), which increases note = |acid resistance and produces texture [Parmelee]. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | TiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | TiO2 note = | Rhodes: note = | TiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | TiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | TiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | TiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | TiO2 note = | IMC: note = | TiO2 name = Ultrox date = 05/30/98 code = ult type = opacifier mapto = formula = % 65 ZrO2 35 SiO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 2.50 annote = |Ultrox supplies ZrO2 and SiO2. note = | A fritted zirconium silicate opacifier. Three grades are note = |available: Ultrox, Ultrox 500W, and Ultrox 1000W, having average note = |particle sizes of 2, 1, and 0.5 microns, respectively [IMC]. note = |Smaller particles give greater opacity. note = | Manufactured by M&T Chemical. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | (no analysis) note = | IMC: note = | % 65 ZrO2 35 SiO2 name = Uranium oxide date = 06/04/98 code = aka = Black uranium oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = U3O8 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Uranium oxide supplies U3O8. haznote = |Uranium oxide - toxic and radioactive - use of this material is haznote = | not recommended note = | Source of uranium. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | U3O8 note = | Chappell: note = | U3O8 note = | Parmelee: note = | U2O3 name = Uranyl sodium carbonate date = 05/31/98 code = type = colorant mapto = formula = UO3 2 Na2O 3 CO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Uranyl sodium carbonate supplies U3O8. haznote = |Uranyl sodium carbonate - toxic and radioactive - use of this haznote = | material is not recommended note = | Source of uranium. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | UO2CO3 2 Na2CO3 name = Vanadium pentoxide date = 05/31/98 code = van aka = Vanadium oxide akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = V2O5 density = 179.0 available = n costperlb = 9.15 annote = |Vanadium pentoxide supplies V2O5. haznote = |Vanadium pentoxide - toxic note = | Colorant used to produce yellow, greenish yellow, reddish brown. note = |Excess (more than can be dissolved in glaze) can cause irregular note = |surfaces. note = | Slightly soluble. Acts as a flux; reduces surface tension. note = |Negative thermal expansion. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | V2O5 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | V2O5 note = | Chappell: note = | V2O5 note = | Memmott: note = | V2O5 note = | IMC note = | V2O5 name = Velva Cast date = 05/30/98 code = aka = Velvacast akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.19 MgO 0.26 CaO 38.91 Al2O3 45.49 SiO2 1.10 TiO2 0.37 Fe2O3 13.70 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.31 annote = |Velva Cast supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and annote = | small amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Velva Cast - dust hazard note = | Kaolin for casting slip. Large particle size, low plasticity, note = |and darker than most kaolins. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: (adds only to 88.7% - is LOI wrong?) note = | % 0.11 Na2O 0.18 MgO 0.24 CaO 38.9 Al2O3 note = | 45.4 SiO2 1.43 TiO2 0.34 Fe2O3 2.1 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.1 Na2O 0.2 MgO 0.2 CaO 38.9 Al2O3 note = | 45.4 SiO2 1.4 TiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 13.8 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.19 MgO 0.26 CaO 38.91 Al2O3 note = | 45.49 SiO2 1.10 TiO2 0.37 Fe2O3 13.70 LOI name = Vermiculite date = 05/30/98 code = aka = Perlite akacode = aka = Pearlite akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 note = | An expanded micaceous rock containing over 70% silica. Used as note = |an addition to clay bodies to open the structure and aid thermal note = |shock resistance. Often wedged into clay cone packs. note = | IMC says about Perlite: an aluminum potassium sodium silicate note = |of volcanic origin, available as gray/white powder or as granular note = |material. Used as grog in clay bodies. name = Volcanic ash date = 05/24/98 code = volc aka = Pumicite akacode = type = feldspar mapto = Volcanic ash - Great Plains formula = % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 72.51 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 0.54 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Volcanic ash supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, annote = | TiO2, and P2O5. note = | [Generic volcanic ash - use a general formula, or map to a note = |particular type of volcanic ash. Typical density 155.0 g/c] note = | Aluminosilicate glass of volcanic origin. Results when a note = |volcano blows tiny particles of frothy lava into the air; these note = |particles settle for many miles around, sometimes in layers over note = |30 feet deep. Variable in composition. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler - Great Plains ash: (Ceramic Industry, 1993, 113) note = | % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 note = | 72.51 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 0.54 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 note = | Obstler - Mt. St. Helens ash: (Ceramics Monthly Jan. 1981, 36) note = | % 4.2-4.6 Na2O 1-2 K2O 1.75-3.75 MgO 4-6 CaO note = | 16.3-19.7 Al2O3 61-66 SiO2 0.50-0.75 TiO2 4.5-7 Fe2O3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (European - pg. 33) note = | % 5.10 Na2O 6.21 K2O 0.37 MgO 1.88 CaO 21.90 Al2O3 note = | 55.28 SiO2 0.28 TiO2 2.66 Fe2O3 5.64 H2O note = | Cooper & Royle: (American - pg. 33) note = | % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 note = | 72.51 SiO2 0.54 TiO2 1.21 Fe2O3 3.81 H2O note = | Green: note = | 0.72 KNaO 0.02 MgO 0.12 CaO 0.89 Al2O3 6.4 SiO2 note = | 0.01 TiO2 0.13 FeO note = | IMC: (pumice) note = | % 1.80 Na2O 7.80 K2O 0.70 CaO 11.50 Al2O3 note = | 72.50 SiO2 0.50 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 3.80 LOI note = | IMC: (volcanic ash) note = | % 0.11 Na2O 0.33 K2O 0.70 MgO 8.07 CaO 2.12 Al2O3 note = | 73.43 SiO2 1.11 Fe2O3 14.14 LOI name = Volcanic ash - Great Plains date = 05/24/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 72.51 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 0.54 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.30 annote = |Volcanic ash (Great Plains) supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, annote = | CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and P2O5. note = | Aluminosilicate glass of volcanic origin, deposited during the note = |Pleistocene era from eruptions of the Valles Mountain in New note = |Mexico. Found throughout the Great Plains region of the U.S. note = |Similar in composition to Cornwall Stone. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry, 1993, 113) note = | % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 note = | 72.51 SiO2 0.10 P2O5 0.54 TiO2 1.20 Fe2O3 note = | Conrad: (Kansas volcanic ash) note = | % 1.79 Na2O 7.84 K2O 0.07 MgO 0.68 CaO 11.55 Al2O3 note = | 72.51 SiO2 0.54 TiO2 1.21 Fe2O3 name = Volcanic ash - Mt. St. Helens date = 05/24/98 code = aka = Volcanic ash - andesitic akacode = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 4.4 Na2O 1.5 K2O 2.75 MgO 5.0 CaO 18.0 Al2O3 63.5 SiO2 0.63 TiO2 5.75 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Volcanic ash (Mt. St. Helens) supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, annote = | CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and P2O5. note = | Aluminosilicate glass of volcanic origin, deposited during the note = |1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens in Oregon. Andesitic. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramics Monthly Jan. 1981, 36) note = | % 4.2-4.6 Na2O 1-2 K2O 1.75-3.75 MgO 4-6 CaO note = | 16.3-19.7 Al2O3 61-66 SiO2 0.50-0.75 TiO2 4.5-7 Fe2O3 note = | Conrad: note = | % 4.57 Na2O 1.47 K2O 2.21 MgO 4.94 CaO 16.9 Al2O3 note = | 65 SiO2 0.37 P2O5 0.13 TiO2 4.81 Fe2O3 name = Volunteer ball clay date = 06/04/98 code = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.08 Na2O 0.43 K2O 0.56 MgO 0.19 CaO 28.75 Al2O3 55.55 SiO2 1.84 TiO2 1.02 Fe2O3 11.38 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Volunteer ball clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Volunteer ball clay - dust hazard note = | Analyses: note = | Old Hickory Clay Co.: (2001) note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.43 K2O 0.56 MgO 0.19 CaO note = | 28.75 Al2O3 55.55 SiO2 1.84 TiO2 note = | 1.02 Fe2O3 11.38 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.2 Na2O 0.5 K2O 0.1 MgO 27.1 Al2O3 note = | 58.9 SiO2 1.8 TiO2 1.1 Fe2O3 10.3 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.08 Na2O 0.47 K2O 0.18 MgO 0.05 CaO 26.90 Al2O3 note = | 59.90 SiO2 1.70 TiO2 1.08 Fe2O3 9.60 LOI name = Walnut ash date = 04/03/97 code = type = ash mapto = formula = % 4.9 Na2O 14.7 K2O 6.6 MgO 38.7 CaO 0.5 Al2O3 16 SiO2 6.5 P2O5 1.9 Fe2O3 0.42 MnO 9.78 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Walnut ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO, K2O, and SiO2. note = | Analyses: note = | Conrad: note = | % 4.9 Na2O 14.7 K2O 6.6 MgO 38.7 CaO 0.5 Al2O3 note = | 16 SiO2 6.5 P2O5 1.9 Fe2O3 0.42 MnO name = Washing soda date = 06/13/96 code = wash type = flux mapto = formula = Na2CO3 10H2O density = 214.8 available = y costperlb = 0.40 annote = |Soda ash provides Na2O. haznote = |Soda ash - corrosive note = |A source of pure sodium. Soluble in water. Sometimes used as note = |a deflocculent in slips. Used to replace salt in soda firings. name = White lead date = 05/17/98 code = type = flux mapto = lead white formula = 2PbCO3 Pb(OH)2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |White lead supplies PbO. haznote = |White lead - toxic - contains lead - use of this material haznote = | is not recommended name = Whiting date = 05/30/98 code = whi aka = Calcium carbonate akacode = cacarb aka = Chalk akacode = aka = Calcite akacode = aka = Paris white akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO CO2 density = 166.8 available = y costperlb = 0.28 annote = |Whiting supplies CaO. note = |Whiting (CaCO3) is a fine grind of chalk (aragonite - marine note = |shell deposits). The purest sources are in England, France, and note = |Belgium. Other sources include marble, calcite ores, and sea note = |shells. "Whiting" and "limestone" are not necessarily the same note = |thing; limestone may contain considerable amounts of magnesium note = |(i.e. dolomite). Some suppliers do not distinguish, so be sure note = |to ask. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (SnowCal 40 - Yorkshire English Whiting - note = | Hammill and Gillespie 1993) note = | % 97.05 CaCO3 1.85 SiO2 0.35 Al2O3 0.10 Fe2O3 note = | 0.25 MgO 0.05 SO3 0.01 K2O 0.16 Na2O 0.1 H2O note = | plus 5 ppm Cu, 350 ppm Mn, 425 ppm P2O5 note = | Hopper: note = | CaCO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CaCO3 note = | Cuff: note = | CaCO3 note = | Chappell: note = | CaCO3 note = | Cushing: note = | CaCO3 note = | Memmott: note = | CaCO3 note = | Parmelee: note = | CaCO3 note = | IMC: note = | % 56.1 CaO 43.9 LOI name = Wollastonite date = 05/28/98 code = woll aka = Calcium metasilicate akacode = type = flux mapto = formula = CaO SiO2 density = 198.2 available = y costperlb = 0.38 annote = |Wollastonite supplies CaO and SiO2. note = |Wollastonite is calcium silicate, theoretical formula CaSiO3. note = |It is formed by the metamorphosis of limestone. It may be used note = |as a source of CaO and SiO2 in glazes. The two main differences note = |between wollastonite and whiting+silica: 1) the wollastonite has note = |no CO2 component, and thus no outgassing during firing, and 2) note = |in wollastonite, the CaO and SiO2 are intimately mixed on the note = |molecular scale. Thus, wollastonite might help to eliminate note = |pinholes, and to slightly lower the firing temperature and note = |increase glaze shine and transparency. note = | Manufactured by R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. and by NYCO; comes note = |from New York.Cost per lb in 50 lb bag. note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry, 1993, 113) note = | % 50.9 SiO2 46.9 CaO 0.5 FeO 0.25 Al2O3 0.10 MgO note = | 0.10 MnO 0.90 LOI note = | Hopper: (incorrect) note = | CaSiO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | CaSiO3 note = | Cooper & Royle: (Harrison Mayer Ltd. 36.0.048) note = | % 0.25 MgO 46.20 CaO 0.50 Al2O3 51.40 SiO2 note = | 0.03 TiO2 0.76 Fe2O3 0.70 LOI note = | Cuff: note = | CaSiO3 note = | Chappell: note = | CaO SiO2 note = | Cushing: note = | CaO SiO2 note = | Memmott: note = | CaO SiO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | % 46.90 CaO 0.10 MgO 0.25 Al2O3 50.90 SiO2 0.05 TiO2 note = | 0.55 FeO 0.10 MnO 0.90 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 1.5 MgO 42 CaO 2 Al2O3 note = | 51 SiO2 0.3 Fe2O3 2.0 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.3 MgO 47.0 CaO 1.0 Al2O3 note = | 50.0 SiO2 0.05 TiO2 0.5 Fe2O3 0.1 MnO name = Wood ash date = 05/31/98 code = type = ash mapto = Ash wood formula = 0.125 Na2O 0.266 K2O 0.187 MgO 0.422 CaO 0.016 Al2O3 0.375 SiO2 0.109 P2O5 0.062 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Wood ash supplies several oxides, especially CaO. note = | Generic wood ash. note = | note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.1 KNaO 0.1 MgO 0.8 CaO 0.1 SiO2 name = XX Sagger date = 06/03/98 code = xx aka = XX Sagger clay akacode = xxsag aka = Sagger clay akacode = sag aka = XX Saggar akacode = type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.30 Na2O 0.89 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.50 CaO 29.17 Al2O3 56.73 SiO2 1.71 TiO2 0.69 Fe2O3 9.71 LOI density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.50 annote = |XX Sagger clay supplies SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |XX Sagger clay - dust hazard note = | Off-white ball clay, good flashing in soda/salt. note = | Manufactured by K&T Clay Co. note = | Analyses: note = | Chappell: (Sagger) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.7 K2O 0.2 MgO 0.6 CaO 27.2 Al2O3 note = | 59.4 SiO2 1.6 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 9.4 LOI note = | Cushing: (XX Sagger) note = | % 0.3 Na2O 0.9 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.5 CaO 28.9 Al2O3 note = | 57.4 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 9.5 LOI note = | Tichane (CB): note = | % 0.3 Na2O 4.1 K2O 0.3 MgO 0.5 CaO 29.2 Al2O3 note = | 56.7 SiO2 1.7 TiO2 0.7 Fe2O3 4.8 LOI note = | IMC: (Sagger XX ball clay) note = | % 0.30 Na2O 0.89 K2O 0.30 MgO 0.50 CaO 29.17 Al2O3 note = | 56.73 SiO2 1.71 TiO2 0.69 Fe2O3 9.71 LOI name = Yankee feldspar date = 06/03/98 code = type = feldspar mapto = formula = % 3.16 Na2O 10.21 K2O 17.23 Al2O3 69.33 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Yankee feldspar supplies SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Na2O. note = | Potash feldspar. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | 0.32 Na2O 0.68 K2O 1.06 Al2O3 7.24 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 3.16 Na2O 10.21 K2O 17.23 Al2O3 69.33 SiO2 0.08 Fe2O3 name = Yellow Banks #101 date = 06/03/98 code = yb101 type = clay mapto = formula = % 3.26 Na2O 0.02 K2O 1.12 MgO 0.9 CaO 19.48 Al2O3 62.28 SiO2 0.93 TiO2 4.61 Fe2O3 6.07 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Yellow Banks #101 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Yellow Banks #101 - dust hazard note = | Plastic red/orange earthenware clay. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 3.26 Na2O 0.02 K2O 1.12 MgO 0.9 CaO 19.48 Al2O3 note = | 62.28 SiO2 0.93 TiO2 4.61 Fe2O3 6.07 LOI name = Yellow Banks #401 date = 06/03/98 code = yb401 type = clay mapto = formula = % 0.03 Na2O 0.01 K2O 0.97 MgO 0.38 CaO 30.91 Al2O3 54.61 SiO2 0.82 TiO2 1.46 Fe2O3 10.66 LOI density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Yellow Banks #401 supplies SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and small annote = | amounts of several fluxes. haznote = |Yellow Banks #401 - dust hazard note = | Plastic stoneware clay. note = | Analyses: note = | Cushing: note = | % 0.03 Na2O 0.01 K2O 0.97 MgO 0.38 CaO 30.91 Al2O3 note = | 54.61 SiO2 0.82 TiO2 1.46 Fe2O3 10.66 LOI note = | IMC: note = | % 0.03 Na2O 0.01 K2O 0.97 MgO 0.38 CaO 30.91 Al2O3 note = | 54.61 SiO2 0.82 TiO2 1.46 Fe2O3 10.66 LOI name = Yellow iron oxide date = 05/31/98 code = yio aka = Iron oxide - yellow akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = Fe2O3 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 4.85 annote = |Yellow iron oxide supplies Fe2O3. note = |Ochre-colored iron oxide. This is not the same as yellow note = |ochre, which is a naturally-occurring impure mixture of yellow note = |iron oxide, clay, etc. Yellow iron oxide is manufactured by note = |various processes. Tom Coleman uses yellow iron oxide in his note = |glazes (not to be confused with yellow ochre) for iron note = |colorant instead of red. It is clay impregnated and dissolves note = |more readily in the glaze matrix than RIO. It [YIO] is about note = |75% as strong as RIO. In saturation, it goes maroon instead of note = |metallic. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | Fe2O3 note = | IMC: note = | Fe2O3 H2O name = Yellow ochre date = 05/31/98 code = yochre aka = French ochre akacode = aka = Limonite akacode = type = colorant mapto = formula = 0.01 MgO 0.03 CaO 1.42 Al2O3 6.99 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 3.96 H2O density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 1.80 annote = |Yellow ochre provides SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and Fe2O3. note = | Yellow form of the mineral Limonite, a natural hydrous iron ore note = |usually formed by precipitation in bogs and lakes by the action note = |of bacteria. Soft and crumbly, often contaminated with clay, note = |limestone, and other matter. Red ochre is very similar, but is note = |harder and contains less water. note = | Analyses: note = | Green: note = | 0.01 MgO 0.03 CaO 1.42 Al2O3 6.99 SiO2 1.0 Fe2O3 3.96 H2O note = | Chappell: note = | Fe2O3 H2O note = | Hamer: note = | 2 Fe2O3 3 H2O note = | Ochre: note = | % 0.06 MgO 0.23 CaO 19.92 Al2O3 57.78 SiO2 22.01 Fe2O3 name = Zinc carbonate date = 06/04/98 code = type = flux mapto = formula = ZnO CO2 density = 0.0 available = n costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Zinc carbonate supplies ZnO. note = | Analyses: note = | Parmelee: note = | ZnCO3 name = Zinc oxide date = 05/28/98 code = zn aka = zinc akacode = zinc type = flux mapto = formula = ZnO density = 132.2 available = y costperlb = 2.10 annote = |Zinc oxide supplies ZnO. note = | Zinc oxide is produced by reducing zinc sulfide to metallic note = |zinc, followed by vaporization, oxidation, and condensation. note = | Zinc oxide is used in stoneware glazes in oxidation, usually as note = |an auxiliary flux to start the melt. Larger amounts may promote note = |opacity through growth of Willemite crystals (Zn2SiO4). Large, note = |fan-shaped crystals can develop with a proper glaze formulation note = |and firing schedule. note = | There is some debate about the role of zinc oxide in reduction; note = |some sources say that it reduces to metallic zinc above 1742F, note = |which immediately boils and leaves the glaze as a toxic gas. note = |Many people have reported that removing a 1-3% addition of zinc note = |oxide from a high-fire reduction glaze makes no noticeable note = |difference in the fired product. note = | Zinc oxide readily combines with H2O to form zinc hydroxide; note = |this may result in a higher shrinkage of the raw glaze and note = |subsequent crawling. The raw zinc oxide may be calcined to note = |increase the density of the particles and reduce the absorption note = |of H2O and the attendant problems. (Hopper recommends to calcine note = |up to half of the zinc oxide.) note = | Analyses: note = | Obstler: (Ceramic Industry 1993, 114) note = | % 99.5 ZnO 005 Pb 0.02 Fe 0.01 Cd 0.02 S 0.10 HCl note = | plus 5ppm magnetic iron note = | Hopper: note = | ZnO note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | ZnO note = | Rhodes: note = | ZnO note = | Chappell: note = | ZnO note = | Cushing: note = | ZnO note = | Memmott: note = | ZnO note = | Parmelee: note = | ZnO note = | IMC: note = | ZnO name = Zirconium oxide date = 05/30/98 code = zrox type = opacifier mapto = formula = ZrO2 density = 0.0 available = y costperlb = 0.00 annote = |Zirconium oxide supplies ZrO2. note = | Plain zirconium oxide; very pure; seldom used in glazes note = |(zirconium silicates used instead). note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | ZrO2 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | ZrO2 note = | Rhodes: note = | ZrO2 note = | Chappell: note = | ZrO2 note = | Memmott: note = | ZrO2 note = | Parmelee: note = | ZrO2 note = | IMC: note = | ZrO2 name = Zirconium silicate date = 05/30/98 code = zrsil aka = Zircon akacode = type = opacifier mapto = formula = ZrO2 SiO2 density = 218.0 available = y costperlb = 2.10 annote = |Zirconium silicate supplies ZrO2 and SiO2. note = | An inexpensive opacifier that produces cool white colors and note = |helps to flux high-temperature glazes. More stable than tin oxide note = |in reduction. Only about half as effective as tin as an opacifier; note = |generally requires 5% for some opacity, up to 15% for complete note = |opacity. note = | Prepared from natural zircon sands. Sold under various trade note = |names. note = | Analyses: note = | Hopper: note = | ZrSiO4 note = | Cooper & Royle: note = | ZrSiO4 note = | Rhodes: note = | ZrO2 SiO2 note = | Cuff: note = | ZrSiO4 note = | Cushing: note = | ZrSiO4 note = | Memmott: note = | ZrO2 SiO2 note = | IMC: note = | % 61.64 ZrO2 32.57 SiO2 0.21 TiO2 name = Zircopax date = 06/02/98 code = zir aka = akacode = zpax aka = Zircopax Plus akacode = zirco type = opacifier mapto = formula = ZrO2 SiO2 density = 218.0 available = y costperlb = 1.95 annote = |Zircopax supplies SiO2 and ZrO2. note = | Zirconium silicate opacifier. note = | Manufactured by TAM. TAM makes Zircopax, Superpax, and Excelopax, note = |the main difference being the particle size (smaller particles note = |result in better opacity). note = | Analyses: note = | Rhodes: note = | ZrO2 SiO2 note = | Chappell: note = | (no analysis, but states that it contains Zr, Si and Sn) note = | IMC: note = | % 67.21 ZrO2 32.79 SiO2